social issues in south asia

In functional terms, India could be compared to the European Union. A map showing the number of movies released from India's states and territories, each of which has its own primary language. HTM0Wj|4,t5LG$};LV$!u~Izke@F(/_z2f:TD&P^GJ,&A)Q)mrv8VVQEb WASHINGTON, October 6, 2022Beset with Sri Lankas economic crisis, Pakistans catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the COVID-19 pandemic. South Asian Americans Moving from corporate responsibility to impact, US Fed likely to make final interest rate hike in May, and other economy stories you need to read this week, World Economic Outlook shows economies facing high uncertainty, Mehdi Benatiya Andaloussi and Chiara Maggi, Heres what the mixed economic messages mean for business, IMF: Fiscal policy can promote economic stability and address risks to public finances, Francesca Caselli, Vitor Gaspar, Gee Hee Hong and Paulo Medas, Inflation reaches lowest point in almost two years, is affecting economies, industries and global issues, with our crowdsourced digital platform to deliver impact at scale. University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA-FR. WebClimate change in South Asia is having significant impacts already which are expected to intensify as global temperatures rise due to climate change.The South Asia region consists of the eight countries Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, the Maldives and Sri Lanka.In the 2017 edition of Germanwatch's Climate Risk Index, Bangladesh and And these challenges will likely become more severe as the regions population continues to balloon. Nevertheless, the homeownership rate is on the rise among Asian Americans, increasing from 53% in 2000 to 59% in 2019. Another Muslim-majority country, Bangladesh, has had two womenSheikh Hasina, daughter of the countrys first president, and her political opponent Khaleda Zia, wife of another presidentalternate in the prime ministership for most of the last three decades. The fact that much of the Islamist militancy Pakistan has faced in recent years in part arose from the security establishments own past policies has not reduced the militarys heralding of its successes against the TTP. Pursuing goals that diverge from the expectations of the family and community is perceived to be selfish. -- Volume 21, Number 2, October 2006, Editorial Board Nowhere is this trend clearer than in language. Breakdown or factionalization within the regime could trigger intense instability. This choice is ripped away from many children of South Asian immigrants who end up feeling stuck in careers they do not find meaningful, ultimately leading to a negative impact on their overall mental wellness and relationships. Yet there are reasons to be cautious in concluding that there has been an irreversible transformation. 0000006899 00000 n 0000042665 00000 n Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. The three main river systems in South Asia are the Indus, the Ganges (or Ganga), and the Brahmaputra. The TAF2020 exercise highlighted six important ways in which Asia is changing, and where we need to apply all of our resources, analytical skills, partnership As Nepals government went through extraordinary tumult in the early 2000s, the Maoists expanded their reach and fought the state to a standstill. ~o hc}0`SctnEKjkf|;5SLg0]{7{rRr^"z1asq1vp[WDG5)2?,=Ma;M),n^\e}H V -- Volume 37, Number 2, July 2022, Editorial Board Pakistans counterinsurgency successes have been accompanied by the militarys enduring political power and serious limits on rights. Following seven decades of Soviet rule, these newly independent countries are reasserting their distinct national identities through events such as the World Nomad Games, where traditional sports like horseback archery, golden eagle hunting, and high-speed yurt-building are on full display. Yet a peace process emerged that eventually led to the CPN-Ms demobilization and the Maoists incorporation into mainstream electoral politics. Released today, the latest South Asia Economic Focus, Coping with Shocks: Migration and the Road to Resilience, projects regional growth to average 5.8 percent this year - a downward revision of 1 percentage point from the forecast made in June. The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. Job Discrimination Since the end of the Korean War, the Korean economy Note: (e)=estimate, (f)=forecast. All rights reserved. This has not been a seamless process, and there have been various forms of political violence and conflict since the end of the civil war, but the war has nevertheless decisively ended. Areas of special concern are ethnicity, religion, urbanization, migration, and development. Without the support from Moscow that had kept their economies afloat for decades, these countries soon lost as much as 50 percent of their GDPs. ?\xx~,~P$ 0elqglOAAp0E` > dmslu%eg0$GM[M'LF jM Bangladesh is especially dense, with over 160 million people living in an area the size of Iowa. Most anti-state revolts across the subcontinent have been crushed, demobilized, or contained. 3 These data are drawn from MHA annual reports. 4 These three sources are the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (https://acleddata.com/), the Pak Institute for Peace Studies series of Pakistan Security Reports (https://www.pakpips.com/publications#1512730923805-d52fde57-07fa), and the SATP (see above). This was an unambiguously ideological policy by the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) government, cloaked in claims about development and political renewal that have yet to come to fruition. While the true number of conflict-related fatalities is difficult to ascertain, all indications suggest a sustained and quite dramatic drop in conflict-related fatalities in the Northeast. -- Volume 28, Number 3, November 2013, Editorial Board -- Volume 27, Number 2, October 2012, Editorial Board -- Volume 32, Number 2, July 2017, Editorial Board When young South Asian adults pursue a career that their family approves of instead of one that they find personally fulfilling, they might feel proud for maintaining family expectations. ~DJ5$^iG(2A9Li!QsS}%4q)bL)|uH9oa^mMR'mrWPxxtIj%hR,KZeIv!ho;qJ`qkP2EjcS+q/&r2&1)+Eu _vw"@|-g:ne7*7 r;. Key findings about 0(z5&owdB\ztmz}fCKm'4 /gpYu&1;O+aF(|i%X Contemporary Issues in South Asia Nova Science Publishers Pew Research Center HS1WRtqmf"g/Ugh+3T*{q`U?o>)Tn0XL&)ZOrST=_7:[rchll^b. India and Pakistan continue to heavily garrison areas of insurgency, regardless of violence levels. Key findings about The dramatic rise of anti-state revolt led by the TTP in Pakistan in the late 2000s left tens of thousands dead and violently challenged the military establishment in ways unseen since the 1971 war that led to the formation of Bangladesh. And religious minorities in Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Bangladesh often face severe persecution and receive almost no government protections. Drawing on its nomadic culture, Kyrgyzstan launched the World Nomad Games in 2014. 06 July 2021 South Asia countries are among the most vulnerable globally to the impacts of climate change. At the same time, violence in Karachi, insurgency in Balochistan, and sectarian militia activities added further layers of violence to Pakistans political landscape. With 1.3 Billion People, India Is a Continent of Its Own. Beginning at a young age, girls in the region are sometimes excluded entirely from education. wL/O0jG&rR>w y]YO_W! ;Kw6A?KFkdfA&A67iug!~W\?mnbydk1KS1YQzsL0]|m But there are downsides too. The World Banks development updates for Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka were also released today. Indira Gandhi, the daughter of Indias first prime minister, served as prime minister for almost sixteen nonconsecutive years and was a powerful force in Indian politics for decades. In this context, the paper analyses the contestations of social movements in the South Asia from a view point of contentious politics in the region. One way to do this is to ask mental health experts to host community workshops specifically for South Asian communities. key challenges for the future of Data and research help us understand these challenges and set priorities, share knowledge of what works, and measure progress. 0000002992 00000 n The movements, thus, have become contested power games around the issues of class, caste/ethnicity, gender, region and development. endstream endobj 78 0 obj <>stream The Indian state is absorbing far less damage than in the 1990s or early 2000s, though it retains a costly internal security footprint in the region. The forces pursued a grim counterinsurgency policy: extrajudicial killings, disappearances, and a heavy security footprint coupled with surveillance and monitoring. Third, forms of violenceespecially mobs and vigilantismare on the rise that are dangerous in their own right and that can prove difficult to control even by colluding state and political party forces. The main reason is the general scarcity of two critical resources essential to the development and implementation of such policies: capital and technology. In Bangladesh, the highly personalized Awami League uses the security forces as a tool of regime survival. -- Volume 31, Number 2, July 2016, Editorial Board Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution. A chart showing the projected populations of India and China over the next several decades, with India's population surpassing China's before 2030. It is based on conversations that took place at the Our Future is Public conferencein Santiago, Chile, in 2022, and is part of the movements critical response to- and reflections on the UN 2023 WaterConference. It is home to one-quarter of the worlds population spread over just 7 percent of the worlds landmass. For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. During monsoon season, Dhaka and Mumbais streets flood regularly due to clogged drains and the cities low elevation. <<74F53B64ECF66F4D8721F1E5DB6020AC>]>> The people of lower social standing suffer great job insecurity, experience gender inequality, and generally struggle against class discrimination. The return of tourism is helping to drive growth in Maldives, and to a lesser extent in Nepalboth of which have dynamic services sectors. 92 0 obj <>stream Islamist cells have launched dramatic terror attacks but, especially since 2016, these were met with intense repression and have decreased in frequency. %PDF-1.4 % The collectivist nature of South Asian culture can feel comforting and supportive with close-knit family ties and a sense of connection to something larger than the self. India, once the exceptional case of liberal democracy in the region, has seen its rating drop in recent years, echoing a decrease in Freedom Houses assessment. South Asia is an immensely diverse and densely populated region. Finally, domestic political instability can provide both opportunity and motivation for insurgency. The Depth of Taboo: Social Issues in South Asia Bringing South Asians Into a Very White Space. South Asian countries report the highest prevalence of common mental disorders (CMDs) globally. This triggered a major MHA response combined with the efforts of state police forces, as well as the involvement in some places and times of a controversial progovernment militia. Bangladesh provided support for insurgents in the past, but the Awami League government of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina has been fairly friendly to India. Non-state armed groups can bolster rather than undermine state power. 0000002827 00000 n South Asia is densely populated and immensely diverse. WebSouth Asia is the southern subregion of Asia, which is defined in both geographical and ethnic-cultural terms. Many studies have shown that South Asian immigrants in Canada, the United States and the Inflation in South Asia, caused by elevated global food and energy prices and trade restrictions that worsened food insecurity in the region, is expected to rise to 9.2 percent this year before gradually subsiding. Indian films might be famous for their catchy and colorful musical numbers, but they also reflect Indias diversity. Many studies have shown that South Asian immigrants in Canada, the United States and the United Kingdom experience high rates of mental health disorders, sometimes higher than their peers. From 2002 to 2006, there was a ceasefire before brief, ill-fated negotiations that collapsed back into pitched warfare. All of the active conflict zones remain potential areas of resurgence (for instance, the TTP has been trying to re-consolidate), but, compared to a decade ago, Pakistans security establishment has achieved a major shift in the balance of forces. While economic distress is weighing down all South Asian countries, some are coping better than others. Exports and the services sector in India, the regions largest economy, have recovered more strongly than the world average while its ample foreign reserves served as a buffer to external shocks. Between 2000 and 2011, South Asian cities swelled in size, as 130 million people flocked to urban areas often in search of better, higher-paying jobs. Across all South Asian countries, patriarchal values and social norms tend to privilege men and boys access to opportunities and control over resources. These inequalities are manifested across the life cycle from conception, to birth, to childhood, adolescence through to adult life. Afghanistan granted women the right to vote in 1919, a year before the United States did, but the Talibans rise to power decades later significantly eroded this early progress: recent estimates indicate up to 80 percent of Afghan women face forced marriage. Afghanistan is not producing national accounts statistics since August 2021, so they are excluded from the table. HUMo@Wq}] !@iz{@-mPH$ Here are some of the problems, and some things you personally can do Both separatist and revolutionary insurgencies presented serious challenges in India; Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP), also known as the Pakistani Taliban, rose with frightening speed to challenge a long-complacent Pakistani security establishment; Maoist insurgents mobilized against the Nepali government; the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE; Tamil Tigers) carved out a de facto state in northern Sri Lanka; and some predicted a rising violent Islamist tide in Bangladesh. xref -- Volume 29, Number 3, November 2014, Editorial Board -- Volume 29, Number 1, March 2014, Editorial Board Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees. 0000005234 00000 n Most of the environmental issues in Southeast Asia are inextricably linked, and working to ameliorate one will often have added benefits for the others. Interestingly, while the Peoples Movements in the respective countries were structural and political in nature, subsequent movements have been fuelled with the voices of identity and rights of socially disadvantaged ethnic groups. 0000003857 00000 n With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. Empirical and theoretical research articles are published with a view to promoting and disseminating scholarship in and on the region. There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, and mainstream political systems in these areas requiring heavy force deployments to be sustainable. Finally, Bangladesh has become a de facto competitive authoritarian regime in which the ruling Awami League established a dominant position. Immigrant Asians were slightly more likely than U.S.-born Asians to be homeowners in 2019 (60% vs. 56%). This unpredictability makes it at least conceivable that there could be renewed efforts by states to support rebellions in strategic areas. Social From the viewpoint of economics, the high population growth in South Asia has slowed down economic growth, increased the foreign trade imblance, and worsened But mental health is deeply stigmatized in many South Asian communities and symptoms are often trivialized. 0 Social and Political Issues in South Asia Final Version Jan 29 The security establishment, which had a tumultuous relationship with the MQM for decades, launched a crackdown in 2013 that has badly degraded the party, opening space for electoral competitors and reducing electoral violence. Suppressing violence is not necessarily the same as resolving conflict. WebHowever, current and recent conflicts, inequality and social exclusion (due to age, gender, race and ethnicity) are threatening the value of this diversity and limiting freedom of expression. It rings true in south Asian countries where the society is rapidly changing with a complex set of State-society relationship. 0000001364 00000 n Socio-Economic Implications of COVID-19 Pandemic in South GDP measured in 2015 prices and market exchange rates. -- Volume 22, Number 2, October 2007, Editorial Board Since 1965, when U.S. immigration laws replaced a national quota system, the number of immigrants living in the U.S. has more than quadrupled. While advocates of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modis government have heralded his strength and resolve, the trends in insurgent violence under the second Congress Party-led United Progressive Alliance (UPA) government (20092014) look almost identical to those in the Modi government. [The population and economic problems of South Asia] - PubMed -- Volume 36, Number 3, November 2021, Editorial Board -- Volume 33, Number 3, November 2018, Editorial Board -- Volume 32, Number 1, March 2017, Editorial Board Its massive fan base spans Africa, Central Asia, the Middle East, and even across the border in Pakistan. Database searches were conducted in eight electronic databases. India, for example, is more populous than all of North America and Europe combined. Like European countries, Indias states are drawn along ethnic and linguistic lines and have distinct cultures. 63 0 obj <> endobj As in the mountainous peripheries where the state waged counterinsurgency against the TTP, due process and rule of law have been troubled in the Karachi operations. The TTP was badly damaged by escalating military crackdowns between 2009 and 2014, most dramatically in the 2014 Zarb-e-Azb offensive. WebSouth Asia as the most dangerous place on Earth because of the rivalry between the two nuclear powers India and Pakistan over a number of issues. People and Society - South & Central Asia | World101 SOJOURN: Journal of Social Issues in Southeast Asia is an interdisciplinary journal devoted to the study of social and cultural issues in Southeast Asia. Forged from a partnership between a university press and a library, Project MUSE is a trusted part of the academic and scholarly community it serves. Happily, however, the Sino-Indian relations are on an Climate change in South Asia endstream endobj 64 0 obj <> endobj 65 0 obj <> endobj 66 0 obj <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 67 0 obj <> endobj 68 0 obj <> endobj 69 0 obj <> endobj 70 0 obj <> endobj 71 0 obj [/ICCBased 84 0 R] endobj 72 0 obj <> endobj 73 0 obj <>stream Third, the international environment has changed in the last fifteen years. South Asian Americans AoDCkso:DQ2 " Education has a significant 0000006311 00000 n Consequently, many young South Asians keep their relationships hidden due to internalized shame and a fear of being rejected by their families. This is not a simple story of state capacity, however: coercive power has been deployed in selective ways, including cases in which a state ignores or cooperates with non-state armed groups, from militias to vigilantes. Figure 4 draws on three datasets on political violence in Pakistan over time.4 While they examine somewhat different definitions of violence, and all of the crucial caveats about data quality outlined above for India hold for Pakistan as well, the basic trend of sharply decreasing fatalities in political violence over the last decade is consistent across them. Others may comply with the expectations required of them, but at the cost of losing their sense of self, their self-concept. But how long does this pride last? Depending on where the state has perceived threats and where armed groups have been willing to work with it, there have been dramatically different landscapes of violence. Y$+nEq7q4},@B-A)?XH;Y.GQ4TU Karachis politics and political economy involved substantial lethal violence, as well as intimidation and threats. intergenerational conflict or the stress of adapting into western society, fulfilling career leads to better life satisfaction, Click here to listen to Dont Call Me Resilient, Lecturer in Environmental Art - School of Art and Design. Finally, instability in and political exclusion from regimes can foster rebellions, even after long periods of apparent stability. (For context, Iowa has just over three million people.) -- Volume 35, Number 3, November 2020, Editorial Board While there is a heavy security force presence in the region, there has also been space for long-running ceasefires and negotiations that reduce violence even when they do not fully resolve contested political issues. -- Volume 25, Number 2, October 2010, Editorial Board State of Social Movements in South Asia: Critical Global data and statistics, research and publications, and topics in poverty and development, The World Banks digital platform for live-streaming, Environmental and Social Policies for Projects, International Development Association (IDA). Figure 1 below shows fatality data from the nongovernmental South Asia Terrorism Portal (SATP), and Figure 2 shows official Indian government data from the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).2. The resulting squeeze on real income is severe, particularly for the regions poor who spend a large share of their income on food. University of Windsor provides funding as a member of The Conversation CA. Firstly, cutting the costs migrants face should be high on the policy agenda. 2 Both can be accessed at https://satp.org/. None of this implies that the military has monopolized violence. This follows growth of 7.8 percent in 2021, when most countries were rebounding from the pandemic slump. In the first decade of the 2000s, both Nepal and Sri Lanka grappled with major insurgencies. Bollywoodthe word is a spin on Hollywood and what many people outside India think of as synonymous with the Indian Film industryis just the Hindi cinema industry based primarily in Mumbai (formerly known as Bombay). There have been sustained and credible allegations of human rights violations by Indian security forces and various insurgent groups, major disruptions to civilian life, Finally, the Naxalite insurgency gained power and reach between 2004 and 2010, particularly in the Indian states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand. The breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991 created an economic crisis for Central Asias newly independent countries. The U.S. foreign-born population reached a record 44.8 million in 2018. -- Volume 32, Number 3, November 2017, Editorial Board All that can be credibly inferred is the overall trend, which decreases from the early 2000s to a lower steady state in the 2010s. It also helps adjust to shocks such as climate events to which South Asias rural poor are particularly vulnerable, said Hans Timmer, World Bank Chief Economist for South Asia. Regions of the World. From 2006 to 2009, government forces and the LTTE waged an extremely intense, mostly conventional conflict with extensive human rights abuses. WebUsing a cross-disciplinary approach, the author discusses evolving physical and cultural landscapes. Several factors have worked to reduce insurgent violence against the Indian state. There is not a clear partisan dynamic in these changes. Such massive populations present economic opportunities for South Asian countries but also leave the regionone already prone to floods and heat wavesmore vulnerable to climate change and the spread of disease. -- Volume 33, Number 2, July 2018, Editorial Board After devastating climate-change-fueled floods submerged one-third of the country this year, itsoutlook remains subject to significant uncertainty. -- Volume 31, Number 3, November 2016, Editorial Board Beset with Sri Lankas economic crisis, Pakistans catastrophic floods, a global slowdown, and impacts of the war in Ukraine, South Asia faces an unprecedented combination of shocks on top of the lingering scars of the COVID-19 pandemic. Its constitution recognizes twenty-two languages, and its population is bigger than Africas. India's child malnutrition levels nearly double those of sub-Saharan Africa; one in ten Pakistani Top 4 issues for South Asias millennials - World Regions of the World, Return to Dragons and Tigers is the only textbook that covers all three regions South Asia, East Asia, and Southeast Asia in one textbook. Using cross-country regressions and aggregate indicators of poverty, health, education and gender parity outcomes, we offer Rapid urbanization has also led to high levels of air pollutionthe region is home to eighteen of the worlds twenty most polluted cities. Children of South Asian immigrants may face challenges associated with the pressure of straddling two different worlds. Paul Staniland is a nonresident scholar in the South Asia Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Socio-economic Scenario of South Asia: An Overview of Impacts

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