10 m sprint test normative data

Fotbal-kondin trnink. Hetzler, RK, Stickley, CD, Lundquist, KM, and Kimura, IF. Instruct the athlete to warm up and perform dynamic stretches for several minutes. The time is recorded using a stopwatch or timing gates. Significant differences were not noticed by defenders and other groups. The reliability of the test is enhanced if speed gates are used as they are far more precise than using a stop watch. See a collection of 40m/40yd results from the NFL and other sports. Start Your Membership Today 2021 Jul;10(4):403-412. doi: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.09.003. Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al.,2013a), Excellent correlation between Peak Power (PP) arm cranking WAnT and MPST (r = .73; p < .001), Excellent correlation between Mean Power (MP) arm cranking WAnT and MPST (r = .90; p < .001), Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level III-IV) (wheelchair users) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2013b), Excellent correlation between Peak Power (PP) arm cranking WAnT and MPST (r = .91), Excellent correlation between Mean Power (MP) arm cranking WAnT and MPST (r = .88), Significant difference in PP MPST found between GMFCS I and GMFCS II groups (p = .007), Significant difference in MP MPST found between GMFCS I and GMFCS II groups (p = .006), Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level III-IV) (wheelchair users) aged 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2013b). How to Cite. procedure: The test involves running a single maximum sprint over a set distance, with time recorded. esk kinantropologie, 15, p. 157-164. Guner, R., Kundaracioglu, B., and Ulkar, B. The primary objectives of this systematic review are to (1) identify tests and outcome variables used to assess physical characteristics in adult male basketball players across all competition levels, (2) report a summary of anthropometric, muscular power, linear speed, change-of-direction speed, agility, strength, anaerobic capacity, and aerobic 2020 Dec;34(12):3600-3606. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002266. However when the "flying" times (20-40 m and 20-30 m) were correlated to 10-m time, the common variances decreased substantially to 25% and 42% respectively, indicating uniqueness. In this study, the number of repetitions was reduced to 3 to achieve the goal - maximal effort for 30s. If the environment is not consistent, the reliability of repeated tests at later dates can be substantially hindered and result in worthless data. The test can be conducted over a range of distances, anywhere from short acceleration tests over 5 or 10 meters, up to 60meter speed endurance tests. Flat running surface with start and finish lines marked apart (e.g., 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, and 40 m). 2.4 T-Test Protocol x=r6]R36M\IU3I6S@KiT;7J%H 8s\\5]uS,/XU.>z{yx2x7"7 D2Y8:8?f[ly7BWe0aW-UXo]]~|5uGJN3PYsVE nJ,2f*L2M8AT;cmg8tW2:dgW]awl9 ~"ci[ [lNBeVI@;0BF{=MGY,MG zi@F2 >,a i+.. This test should be performed 3 times during 1 session to find an average score. Thus, the normal 6 repetitions should be reduced for youth with cerebral palsy or spina bifida whos impaired function result in a longer than normal total sprint time. normative data for 20-meter repetitive sprint performance for football players. Philanthropic support truly drives our mission and vision. Malina RM, Martinho DV, Valente-Dos-Santos J, Coelho-E-Silva MJ, Kozie SM. Orendurff, M. S., Walker, J. D., Jovanovic, M., Tulchin, K. L., Levy, M., and Hoffmann, D. K. (2010). See more details of pre-test procedures. 6 x 15-meter maximum effort running sprints (with orthoses as needed) separated by 10-second rest periods (Verschuren, Takken, Ketelaar, Gorter, & Helders, 2007). Participant readys themselves on the start-line (positioned 0.3m behind the first gates cones A) in a standing split-stance start position. Bishop D, Lawrence S, Spencer M. Predictors of repeated sprint ability in elite female hockey players. Pediatr Exerc Sci 17: 1830, 2005. The purpose of this investigation was to compare the reliability of 10-m sprint times when using different starting techniques. If timing gates are not available, then it is imperative that the test administrators understand the inconsistencies of using a stopwatch for their results. 4 0 obj Straight sprinting is the most frequent action in goal situations in professional football. Or Call Toll-Free Frost. 50 meters or yards, depending on the sport and what you are trying A Young Scientist's Journey after a Stroke, Care by the Numbers: Skilled Nursing versus Inpatient Rehabilitation, WSJ: Recognizing Aphasia and Seeking Treatment, Shirley Ryan AbilityLab Ranked No. Praha: Grada. 2018 Feb;32(2):297-303. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002367. Download scientific diagram | Percentile norms for "10 m sprint test (s)" from publication: The comparison of physical fitness profiles of the high school's basketball, volleyball, handball . As a result, test administrators must pay great attention and attempt to communicate clearly in order to maximise the accuracy of the results. We do not have many norms of sprint tests on this site, at the moment just this one for 35m sprinting, which surprisingly we don't even have a page about a speed test ober that distance. The reliability of ten-meter sprint time using different starting techniques. Owen is the founder of Science for Sport and has a masters degree in strength and conditioning and a bachelor's degree in sports conditioning & rehabilitation. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. This could be a two, three, or four-point stance. Grasgruber, P. and Cacek, J. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies (2008). Bogdanis G, Nevill M, Boobis L, Lakomy H. Contribution of phosphocreatine and aerobic metabolism to energy supply during repeated sprint exercise. Table 4.6. Recommendation is to use 3 sprints with this population. This study analyzed the relationships between general and specific cricket speed tests, which included 30-m sprint (0- to 5-, 0- to 10-, 0- to 30-m intervals; general); 505 change-of-direction speed test with left and right foot turns (general); 17.68-m sprint without and with (WB) a cricket bat (0- to 5-, 0- to 17.68-m intervals; specific); and 3-5 minutes) should be administered following the warm-up and prior to the commencement of the test. Whilst no research, in particular, verifies the reliability of using hand-held stopwatches for the 10m sprint test, other research has concluded the reliability of stopwatches on similar short-distance sprints (1, 2). Accessibility All rights reserved. Validity and reliability of skill-related fitness tests for wheelchair-using youth with spina bifida. Perform a warm-up for sprints. Effects of differential stretching protocols during warm-ups on high-speed motor capacities in professional soccer players. As a result, it is highly recommended that the test administrators adopted one height (e.g. The MPST is performed for a distance with the intent of averaging 30s total sprint time. Baxter-Jones ADG, Eisenmann JC, Sherar LB. MP is considered the most important parameter during anaerobic performance and was defined as the average power output over all of the runs (Verschuren et al., 2007). var md = new Date() Sports Med. to determine acceleration, maximum running speed and speed endurance, depending on the distance run. Repeated-sprint sets' values improve during maturation of young soccer players and the correlations between RSS and fitness tests vary through the maturity groups. Heres why theyre wrong The .gov means its official. Timed walking tests are often used to measure function in boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). PP was defined as the highest calculated power output. Keywords: Two trials are administered at the patient's comfortable walking speed, followed by 2 trials at his/her fast walking speed, per the below instructions. Our purpose is to improve the performance of athletes and teams around the world by simplifying sports science and making it practical. 1. Their foot must be on or behind the starting line. The data should be regarded as descriptive, not normative. 5, 10, 20m) during the same endobj Epub 2018 Apr 3. J Strength Cond Res 29(8): 23612366, 2015. All information is provided on an as-is basis. The distance between the start-line and the first timing gate (cones A Figure 1) has been shown to affect short-distance sprint times (3). Two trials are completed, and the best time is recorded to the nearest 0.1 seconds. explore the world through the prism of knowledge. The Effectiveness of Resisted Sled Training (RST) for Sprint Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. The split stance (one leg forward, and one back) is most recommended. Armstrong N, ed. Hooper. Surface and Conditions Before conducting the test, ensure the surface is non-slip and consistent (e.g. (2011). Cronin, J.B., & Templeton, R.L. With 30+ sites in Illinois, we may be closer than you think! Sportovn geny. Equipment Stopwatch or timing gates Flat running surface with start and finish lines marked apart (e.g., 10 m, 20 m, 30 m, and 40 m). Pyne, A.A. Ross, S.G. Livingstone, and S.L. For the 5m sprint test, we recommended a distance of 0.3m. Science and Sports, 17(3), 122-127. The site is secure. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between split times within sprint tests over 30 m and 40 m in elite Australian Rules footballers. Exercise time for 6 sprints in this population was 42.510.3 seconds. The subject must not be rocking or moving forwards before he has been told to start. Match analysis and the physiological demands of Australian football. Sign Up and Download the Excel Workbook , Mladen Jovanovic is a physical preparation coach from Belgrade, Serbia, grew up in Pula, Croatia (which he considers his home town). Home > Fitness Testing > Tests > Speed & Power > Sprint or Speed. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. In the video below, I have explained the additional prediction modules and integrated them into a new version of HIT Builder, in order to automate and make the whole process easier. 2. + " " + md.getFullYear()). Rampinini, E., Sassi, A., and Impellizzeri, F. M. (2003). Learn about the fundamentals of Agility and even get a practical coaching guide to help you to develop engaging sessions. (2004). Sports that include any form of short-distance acceleration should often include a 10m sprint test in their performance testing battery. He was involved in physical preparation of professional, amateur and recreational athletes of various ages in sports such as basketball, soccer, volleyball, martial arts and tennis. Testing of anaerobic power is the goal. Bratislava: SPN. The values listed are means standard deviation. Biorytmy v porte (S vodom do chronobiolgie). 1997-2023 Topend Sports Network document.write(" CITE THIS PAGE: "+ author + ", "" + document.title + "." Topend Sports Website, "+ published + ", "+ url + ", Accessed " + md.getDate()+" " + months[md.getMonth()] + " " + md.getFullYear()); purpose: The purpose of this test is On an auditory signal, the athlete sprints the stated distance at maximal speed. Maturity-associated considerations for training load, injury risk, and physical performance in youth soccer: One size does not fit all. Best scores of the referees were recorded. Bansk Bystrica : FHV UMB. Secondly, ensure the environment/ facility is also consistent and not being affected by weather conditions. The fastest runner at the 2019 MLS combine was DeJuan Jones. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Rozvoj vybranch pohybovch schopnost, diagnostika a streing v drustve vrcholovho futbalu. Normative data is typically obtained from a large, randomly selected representative sample from the wider population. Become a Member. 6. Selmi MA, Al-Haddabi B, Yahmed MH, Sassi RH. p. 312-313. reliability: Reliability is greatly improved if timing It is important to understand that whenever fitness testing is performed, it must be done so in a consistent environment (e.g. Spastic Cerebral Palsy age 7-18 years: (Verschuren, Takken, Ketelaar, Gorter, & Helders, 2007; tested while running; Dutch sample), GMFC level I: (n = 15; mean age = 11.6 (2.8) years), GMFC level II: (n = 11; mean age = 10.9 (2.4) years), Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) aged 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2007), MDC Peak Power: 38.5 watts (calculated from SEM), MDC Mean Power: 25.0 watts (calculated from SEM), Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) aged 7-18 years: (Verschuren, Bongers, Obeid, Ruyten, & Takken, 2013a; n = 20; mean age = 14.8 (2.0) years, subjects were from a special education school in an unidentified location; tested via running), Peak Power (PP): mean = 250.3 watts; SD = 41.9; range = 41.4-799.0, Mean Power (MP): mean = 194.7 watts; SD = 33.1; range = 37.4-638.4, Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC level I-II) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren et al., 2007), Excellent test-retest reliability for Peak Power (PP) (ICC = 0.98), Excellent test-retest reliability for Mean Power (MP) (ICC = 0.99), Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFC-E&R level III-IV) age 7-18 years: (Verschuren, Zwinkels, Obeid, Kerkhof, Ketelaar, & Takken, 2013b; n = 23; tested viawheelchair self-propulsion), Excellent test-retest reliability for Peak Power (PP) (ICC = 0.99), Excellent interrater reliability for Peak Power (PP) (ICC = 0.97), Excellent interrater reliability for Mean Power (MP) (ICC = 0.98). We have reviewed nearly 300 instruments for use with a number of diagnoses including stroke, spinal cord injury and traumatic brain injury among several others. All studies reviewed were performed in the Netherlands. You usually hear the term normative group, or norm group, in discussions of tests and measures. affect the results, and these conditions should be recorded with By Owen WalkerJanuary 27th, 2016 | 7 min read. The .gov means its official. There are more sprint test results over 10, 20 and 30m, and other fitness test results from the Newcastle Knights). In illk, I. procedure: Set up cones at 0, 30m and 60m along a straight line, and timing gates if available at 30m and 60m. There are many variations of this test in the literature although the 10 Meter Walk test (10MWT) is the most common. In 2021, your cash gifts may also favorably impact your taxes, thanks to the extension of many of the charitable provisions in the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act. (2000). Evaluating sprinting ability, density of acceleration, and speed dribbling ability of professional soccer players with respect to their positions. Before founding Science for Sport, he was formerly the Head of Academy Sports Science and Strength & Conditioning at Cardiff City Football Club, and an interim Sports Scientist for the Welsh FA. Repeated-sprint sets' indices (sum of sprint times [SST] and best sprint time [BST]) were significantly different between the maturity groups. Junior male rugby players (n = 15) were tested for speed over. Anthropometric and fitness profiles of elite players in two football codes. have the equipment (e.g. To this end, we sought to establish normative 100m performance in health Standard Membership When testing, it is therefore imperative that a standardised, consistent protocol is used to reduce variances within the data. Brno: Fakulta sportovnch studi Masarykovy univerzity. To keep up with the latest in sport science and this website, subscribe to our newsletter. See a collection of 20m results from the AFL and other sports. timing gates), you can measure the time The site is secure. The aim of this study was to provide percentile values for six different sprint tests in 2,708 Spanish children (1,234 girls) ages 6-17.9 years. Prostriedky so zameranm na rozvoj rchlostnch schopnost 10 12 ronch futbalistov. USA: Human Kinetics. As the 10m sprint is a measure of acceleration, it is recommended that the start-line is position 0.3m behind the first timing gate in accordance with Altmann and colleagues (3). PMC Analysis of sprinting activities of professional soccer players. MeSH McGuigan, M. (2016). Advances in Therapy, 23, 395-403. It refers to the sample of test-takers who are representative of the population for whom the test is intended. Sports Med. Duthie, G. M., Pyne, D. B., Ross, A. Go Annual and Get All Bonuses for FREE! The assistant marks out a 30-metre straight section with cones. The world record for the 100m is held by Usain Bolt, currently at 9.58 seconds which he ran at the 2009 IAAF World Championships. The athlete conducts a warm-up for 10 minutes The assistant marks out a 60-metre straight section (AC) with cones and places a cone at the 30-metre point (B) From a sprint start with appropriate start commands (on your marks, set, "GO") from the assistant, the athlete sprints the 60m For example, the average under-15 girl does a 100-meter sprint in 13.2 to 13.5 seconds and the 200-meter sprint in 27.3 to 28 seconds. The assistant records the time for each of the 10 sprints. Haugen, T. A., Tnnessen, E., and Seiler, S. (2013). Total time of all trials should fall around 30 secondsto measure anaerobic system. If the test administrators are using a stopwatch, then the time keeper must stand at the finish line and perform the countdown and time the sprint. Can I estimate maximum sprinting speed (MSS or VMAX) from 30m sprint?, What is VO2max if I know MAS? The 100 meters is the shortest sprint event at the Olympic Games. 3). Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 10, 600-606. 6A, 2014, pp. The first club (n = 35) conducted a 40-m sprint test and recorded split times at 10 m and 20 m. The second club (n = 30) conducted a 30-m sprint test and recorded splits at 10 m and 20 m. Analyses included calculation of Pearson correlations and common variances between all the split times as well as "flying" times (20-40 m for the first club and 20 to 30 m for the second club). How to Cite. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the The data obtained for the maximum speed at 10 m, 20 m and 30. The Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) is considered the gold standard in anaerobic muscle testing. Running velocities and heart rates at fixed blood lactate concentrations in young. Le Rossignol P, Gabbett TJ, Comerford D, Stanton WR. 2010 Apr 1;40(4):347-60. doi: 10.2165/11531400-000000000-00000. Before the introduction of timing gates, speed tests were typically officiated using stopwatches, though stopwatches are still useful and can be used reliably, the use of timing gates is highly recommended and essential when precision is required (1, 2). It stated that West Coast Eagles players need to run 10m in under two seconds. As the 10m sprint test measures acceleration from a static position, it is a common testing protocol as a large majority of sports often involve such short-distance sprint movements. The MSPT is shown to be highly feasible via questions regarding feasibility for ambulatory children with CP and their assessors. Epub 2013 Apr 23. Before It was concluded that 10-m time is a good reflection of acceleration capabilities and either 20 to 40 m in a 40-m sprint test or 20 to 30 m in a 30-m sprint test can be used to estimate maximum speed capabilities. Dauty, M., Bryand, F., and Potiron-Josse. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Positional relationships between various sprint and jump abilities in elite American football players. Baxter-Jones ADG, Sherar LB. var md = new Date() Shirley Ryan AbilityLab does not provide emergency medical services. Developmental Medicine &Child Neurology, 55(12), 1129-1135. The muscle power sprint test. Journal ofPhysiotherapy 60(4), 239. What is a good time for a 10 meter sprint? Thanks for helping us invest in our patients. This score can also be presented as a running velocity (distance / time). Starting distance from first timing gate As previously discussed, the distance between the start-line and the first set of gates significantly affects sprint times. As short-distance accelerations are common in a large variety of sports, this test is often included in performance testing batteries. Three sprints were performed, recording the best of the three with a one-minute rest between each attempt (Drozd et al., 2017). Therefore, it is essential to remain consistent with the set-up configuration. Andrzejewski, M., Chmura, J., Pluta, B., Strzelczyk, and Kasprzak, A. maximum sprint over a set distance, with time recorded. By choosing to simply read up on The 10m Sprint Test and ignore the sea of other crucial Performance Testing topics, you run the risk of being detrimental to your athletes success and not realising your full potential. Copyright 2014 Scientific & Academic Publishing. I am a physical preparation coach from Belgrade, Serbia, grew up in Pula, Croatia (which I consider my home town). var months = new Array ("January","February","March","April","May","June","July", Kollr, R. (2001). At 6 years old, a child running 100 meters in under 35 seconds is quicker than average.Rugby. Bookshelf Reference values for the muscle power sprint test in 6- to 12-year-old children. The 30m sprint test is used in the MLS Combine. Both handheld stopwatches and electronic timing gates have been proven to be reliable assessment devices. results: You can use a measure of the time for the first 10 meters or yards from a stationary start as a score for acceleration, and the time to run between 30-60 meters for a flying sprint speed, or maximum running speed. Anaerobic system utility occurs in high intensity maximal effort exercise through 30s. Journal of sports sciences, 18, p. 669-683. The countermovement jump (CMJ) is the most widely used test in the literature and is one of the more standardised protocol movements to test power output. You must be logged in to reply to this topic. Find on PubMed, Bongers, B. C., Werkman, M. S., Blokland, D., Eijsermans, M. J., Van der Torre, P., Bartels, B., Verschuren, O., & Takken, T. (2015). 1997-2023 Topend Sports Network Bansk Bystrica: KTV FHV UMB, VSTV, SAZ. In his 3.82 second 30m dash, he hit 10 meters in 1.61 seconds. Before The repeated-sprint protocol consisted of 2 sets of 5 20 m with 15-second recovery between sprints and 1-minute recovery between sets ( 43 ). Copyright 2014 Scientific & Academic Publishing Co. All rights reserved. 126. Find on PubMed, Douma-van Riet, D., Verschuren, O., Jelsma, D., Kruitwagen, C., Smits-Engelsman, B., Takken, T. (2012). Brad Harvey ran 2.78 the same year, and Jonathon Marsh also ran 2.78 seconds in 2013. (2006). Towlson C, Salter J, Ade JD, Enright K, Harper LD, Page RM, Malone JJ. An official website of the United States government. With the different maturity groups, correlations between SST (s), BST (s), and vertical jump (cm) (r = -0.63 to -0.25 and r = -0.68 to -0.23) and horizontal jump (m) (r = -0.70 to -0.38 and r = -0.63 to -0.43) were observed. Conclusions: the results. % Recommendation is to use 4 sprints with this population, Bloemen, M. A., Takken, T., Backx, F. J., Vos, M., Kruitwagen, C. L., de Groot, J. F. (2017). The 10m sprint test is a simple and popular test used to measure an athletes ability to accelerate. It is usual to give the athletes an adequate warm-up and practice Because anaerobic glycolysis is the primary energy source in physical activity for the first 30 seconds, the total number of repetitions should be modified, depending on the function and mode of propulsion of the subjects, to achieve ~30 seconds total sprint time, excluding rests (Bloemen et al., 2017). J Strength Cond Res. Sign Up and Download the Excel Workbook We also examined the influence of weight status on s. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help If the subject feels ill or goes quiet or pale, they should lie down with their feet resting on a chair. What is the normative data for 30m sprint? var md = new Date(document.lastModified) Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The gold standard measure of anaerobic muscle power, WAnT, is not clinically feasible due to expensive lab-based equipment. NOTE: it is important for reliability that the participant always uses the same starting stance. If three sprints were completed, all the scores are normally then generated into a mean score which provides an overall 10m sprint time. Acta Kinesiologica, 5, 36-41. Join Our Community Now! document.write(" CITE THIS PAGE: "+ author + ", "" + document.title + "." Topend Sports Website, "+ published + ", "+ url + ", Accessed " + md.getDate()+" " + months[md.getMonth()] + " " + md.getFullYear()); Field and laboratory testing in young elite soccer players. gates are used. 2012 Feb;26(2):388-97. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318225b5fa. Chamari, K., Hachana, Y., Ahmed, Y. Validity of the muscle power sprint test in ambulatory youth with cerebral palsy. In all measured sections (10m, 30m, 50m) there was recorded the highest average level of sprint ability by forwards (10m = 2.170.10s; 30m = 4.530.19s; 50m = 6.730.28s), then by midfielders (10m = 2.190.09s; 30m = 4.560.10s; 50m = 6.750.12s), by defenders (10m = 2.250.05s; 30m = 4.670.07s; 50m = 6.900.07s) and by goalkeepers (10m = 35m Sprint Norms Sprint or speed tests can be performed over varying distances, depending on the factors being tested and the relevance to the athlete's sport. Keep at least 20 m free after the finish line for deceleration. Brughelli, and D.M. It was suggested that sprint tests over 30 m or 40 m can be conducted indoors to provide useful information about independent speed qualities in athletes. In distance 30m and 50m there were not noticed significant differences in time by defenders and goalkeepers. Significant correlations between SST with body mass (from -0.73 to -0.33) and MSRT (from -0.49 to -0.30) among each maturity group were found. Reilly, T., Bangsbo, J., and Franks, A. Spori, G., Milanovi, Z., Trajkovi, N., and Joksimovi, A. Administration, Scoring, and Interpretation of Selected Tests, in Haff, G. G., & Triplett, N. T. Essentials of Strength Training and Conditioning 4th Edition. 10 meter sprint The fastest runner at the 2019 MLS combine was DeJuan Jones. When conducting the test there are several factors that need to be taken into consideration before you begin some being: Numerous research has confirmed the validity and reliability of the 10m sprint test using electronic timing gates (4, 7, 8). Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. The correlations between 10-m time and times to 30 m and 40 m decreased, but still produced common variances of 79% and 66% respectively. An article in the Perth Sunday Times listed the fitness requirements for a range of sports. Accuracy of the stopwatch Though hand-held stopwatches have been proven to be reliable when measuring speed, they are not recommended when high degrees of precision are required (1, 2). After a standardized warm up, the test is conducted over a certain distance, such as 10, 20, 40 and/or 50 meters or yards, depending on the sport and what you are trying to measure. var months = new Array ("January","February","March","April","May","June","July", Bunc, V. (1999). Using the speed gates is more reliable as you get an accurate score of your time for sprinting the 30 seconds. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Disclaimer. 1. Mean score (seconds) = (#1 sprint time + #2 sprint time + #3 sprint time) total number of sprints (e.g. As the distance from the start-line, starting position, and the height of the timing gates have all been shown to effect the test results, it is advised that these are all mandated and kept consistent to avoid testing error.

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