who is the religious leader of islam

He is usually said to have had 14 wives or concubines during his lifetime. Some Orientalists wrote the title as Khalf. It contains some basic information that is found in the Hebrew Bible as well as revelations that were given to Muhammad. The ruler of a country might be called the Imam, for example. This list may not reflect recent changes. Any Muslim with sufficient knowledge may lead prayers or perform rituals such as weddings or funerals. In addition to hosting prayers, mosques often function as public gathering places and social centers. ALOR SETAR: The people must not be misled by leaders who sow hatred by using race and religion for their own benefits, says Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim. The prophet Muhammad is credited with building the firstmosque in the courtyard of his house in Medina. By 630 he had unified most of Arabia under a single religion. The most famous site was the Kaaba (meaning cube in Arabic). ,,@)H2DfM "+" y`q9 Rh , m@j QJg`:x 8 Corrections? This group became known as the followers of Ali; in Arabic the Shiat Ali, or simply Shia. In Islam, an Imam is a religious leader who often leads congregational prayers in a mosque. Muhammad was born into the most powerful tribe in Mecca, the Quraish, around 570 A.D. Webt. He accepted and over the years the happy union brought several children. OTP entered does not match. History In 610 he experienced a vision of the archangel Gabriel. The Angel Gabriel appeared and relayed the word of God: Recite in the name of your Lord who creates, creates man from a clot! Islam is about to take Wests young lads b/c Christian leaders doesnt seem interested in these guys. His youngest daughter, Fimah, married Muhammads cousin Al, the fourth of Muhammads successors as leader of the Muslim community. The controversial term radical Islam has become a well-known label to describe the religions connection to acts of violence. Founder of Islam Amid the increasing politicization of Islam and the rise of fundamentalists on both sides of the divide, sectarian tensions intensified in the early 21st century, especially amid the upheavals caused by two Persian Gulf Wars, the chaos that followed the U.S.-backed ouster of Saddam Husseins Sunni regime in Iraq, and the mass uprisings across the region that began with the Arab Spring in 2011. These leaders must be followed since they are appointed by God. All rights reserved. Lay Leaders Muhammad was also very religious, occasionally taking journeys of devotion to sacred sites near Mecca. They believe there will be a day of judgment, and life after death. Islam These were traditionally Muftis who used interpretation (ijtihad) to clarify Islamic law, but in many modern secular contexts, Islamic law is no longer the law of the land. Though the two main sects within Islam, Sunni and Shia, agree on most of the fundamental beliefs and practices of Islam, a bitter split between the two goes back some 14 centuries. "Almami" is a title of West African Muslim rulers, used especially in the conquest states of the 19th century. All Rights Reserved. In Twelver Shsm there are 14 infallibles, 12 of which are Imams, the final being Imam Mahdi who will return at the end of times. endstream endobj startxref The position of women as imams is controversial. They deny the legitimacy of the first three caliphs. Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information. Muhammad Zaki Badawi, from the United Kingdom Shaikh Mohammed Aboulkhair Zaki Badawi KBE was a famous Egyptian Islamic scholar, community organizer, and advocate for interfaith communication who served on the Elijah Board of World Religious Leaders. (There are dozens of these guys out there and evangelicals, even the minorities in the space, are missing a massive opportunity. Some seven years later, Muhammad and his many followers returned to Mecca and conquered the region. It is believed to have been built by Abraham (Ibrahim to Muslims) and his son Ismail. In that case, the traditional Mufti may well be replaced by a university or madrasa professor who informally functions as adviser to the local Muslim community in religious matters such as inheritance, divorce, etc. 0 Searching for clarity, he would sometimes meditate at Mount Hira, near Mecca. Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. After Muhammads passing, Islam began to spread rapidly. Caliph was first used for Abu Bakr, who was elected head of the Muslim community after the Prophet Muhammad's death. Pew Research Center.Islam Rituals and Worship: Symbolism,The Religion Library.The Islamic Calendar: TimeandDate.com. For Sunni Muslims, Imam is most commonly used as the title of a worship leader of a mosque. He taught that there was no other God but Allah and that Muslims should devote their lives to this God. Religion Wiki is a FANDOM Lifestyle Community. Many of the tribes living in the Arabian Peninsula at the time were nomadic, trading goods as they crisscrossed the desert. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini became the supreme religious leader of the Islamic Republic of Iran in 1979, following many years of resistance to Shah Pahlavi. His wife is called "nyai". This was important, because by the time he died, he had basically brought all the tribes of Arabia together into a kind of confederation that became the ummahthe people or nation of Islam.. He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina. The text is considered the sacred word of God and supercedes any previous writings. For example, the punishment for theft is amputating a persons hand. Sunnis are in the majority and occupy most of the Muslim world, while Shi'i populations are concentrated in Iran and Iraq, with sizeable numbers in Bahrain, Lebanon, Kuwait, Turkey, Pakistan, and Afghanistan. For most of his life, the Abbasid Caliph, According to Shia, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph, According to Twelver doctrine, he is the current imam and the promised, According to Shia doctrine, he has been living in the, This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 13:44. religion The reports of this designation are continuous. Emigration became the only hope for Muhammad and his followers' survival. Today, Islam is the worlds fastest growing religion. Muhammad The following 27 pages are in this category, out of 27 total. Muslim prayer is often conducted in a mosque's large open space or outdoor courtyard. Thus, statements of the sort that on March 21 of the year 625, Meccan forces entered the oasis of Medina are inherently problematic. Although its roots go back further, scholars typically date the creation of Islam to the 7th century, making it the youngest of the major world religions. Eventually the Sunni majority (named for sunna, or tradition) won out, and chose Muhammads close friend Abu Bakr to become the first caliph, or leader, of the Islamic community. (There are dozens of these guys out there and evangelicals, even the minorities in the space, are missing a massive opportunity. Most Islamic historians believe Muhammad was initially disturbed by the revelations and that he didnt reveal them publicly for several years. It also outlines marriage guidelines and other moral principles for Muslims. The person that should be chosen, according to Hadith, is one who has most knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah (prophetic tradition) and is of good character. Islam also spread throughout areas in Europe, Africa, and Asia. Updated: August 20, 2019 | Original: January 5, 2018. Born in Mecca about 570 CE, Muhammad married a wealthy widow, Khadjah, in 595. Leaders Eid al-Fitr: marks the end of Ramadanthe Islamic holy month of fasting. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Fine Art Images/Heritage Images/Getty Images, according to an estimate by the Council on Foreign Relations, https://www.history.com/news/sunni-shia-divide-islam-muslim. In his early 20s, Muhammad began working for a wealthy merchant woman named Khadijah, 15 years his senior. The rift between these two factions has resulted in differences in worship as well as political and religious views. Some important Islamic holy places include the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, and the Prophet Muhammads mosque in Medina. Arguably the single most important work in the genre is Muammad ibn Isqs (died 767768) Kitb al-maghz (Book of [the Prophets] Military Expeditions). I dont get!!!!!) When Muhammad died, there was debate over who should replace him as leader. The essence of the problem is that Muhammad died without a male heir, and he never clearly stated who he would want to be his successor, says Lesley Hazleton, author of After the Prophet: The Epic Story of the Sunni-Shia Split in Islam. WebIslamic religious leaders by nationality (20 C) A. Ayatollahs (8 C, 14 P) C. Caliphs (28 C, 4 P) Muslim clergy (3 C, 1 P) F. Female Islamic religious leaders (3 C, 28 P) G. Grand Muftis (30 C, 15 P) I. Imams (10 C, 12 P) M. Marja' (3 P) Religious leaders of the medieval Islamic world (9 C) Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Nazaruddin Abdul Hamed/EyeEm/Getty Images, https://www.history.com/topics/religion/islam, The word Islam means submission to the will of God.. Noble Imperial Sheik is the title for the Grand Imam of Al Hakika Mizaan Mizaani Sufi Order. Of all the gods worshipped, it is believed that Allah was considered the greatest and the only one without an idol. Shias consider the term to be only applicable to the members and descendents of the Ahl al-Bayt, the family of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Islam started in Mecca, in modern-day Saudi Arabia, during the time of the prophet Muhammads life. These early revelations pointed to the existence of a single God, contradicting the polytheistic beliefs of the pre-Islamic Arabian Peninsula. In 622, Muhammad traveled from Mecca to Medina with his supporters. This combination of money and power would only grow. According to Islamic tradition, the Qurn, understood as a literal transcription of the speech of God (Allah), was revealed to Muhammad in stages by the archangel Gabriel, beginning in 610. After working for several years as a merchant, Muhammad was hired by Khadija, a wealthy widow, to ensure the safe passage of her caravans to Syria. In 681, Alis son Hussein led a group of 72 followers and family members from Mecca to Karbala (present-day Iraq) to confront the corrupt caliph Yazid of the Ummayad dynasty. According to Islamic tradition, his father died before Muhammad was born, and his mother died when he was a young child. In this context, imams may lead Islamic worship services, lead prayers, serve as community leaders, and provide religious guidance. Muslims also celebrate other holidays, such as the Islamic New Year and the birth of Muhammad. Between 624 and 628, the Muslims were involved in a series of battles for their survival. However, many Muslims do not support such extreme measures. After the conflict with Mecca was finally settled, Muhammad took his first true Islamic pilgrimage to that city and in March, 632, he delivered his last sermon at Mount Arafat. These officials are supposed to belong to the Hanafi school of the Sunni sect. ; in Arabic: muathi (mu-a-thin) [IPA: mn) is any person at the mosque who makes the adhan, or athan (call to prayer) for the Friday prayer service and the five daily prayers, or Salah, Arabic for prayer. Islam They eventually married. However, the text provides no dates for any of the historical events it alludes to, and almost none of the Qurnic messengers contemporaries are mentioned by name (a rare exception is at 33:37). [38] In the Zaidi Shiite sect, imams were secular as well as spiritual leaders who held power in Yemen for more than a thousand years. However, when his message condemned idol worship and polytheism, many of Meccas tribal leaders began to see Muhammad and his message as a threat. For example, some of the non-Islamic sources present Muhammad as having still been alive when the Arab conquerors invaded Palestine (634640), in contrast to the Islamic view that the Prophet had already passed away at this point. Other, smaller Muslim denominations within the Sunni and Shiite groups exist. hb```"UV\a ![001:g`h` !i(f` 5@dC&F; WebImam: prayer leader; may also function as a spiritual advisor and expert in Islamic Law. When Muhammad died in 632, he had not named a successor. After his clan withdrew its protection, he fled to Medina in 622 and repulsed two attacks by Meccan forces in 625 and 627. Category:Islamic religious leaders Ibn Isqs original book was not his own composition but rather a compilation of autonomous reports about specific events that took place during the life of Muhammad and also prior to it, which Ibn Isq arranged into what he deemed to be their correct chronological order and to which he added his own comments. This led to a schism in Islam, and two major sects emerged: the Sunnis and the Shiites. Muslim Religious Leader Called Islam, major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century ce. This journey became known as the Hijra (also spelled Hegira or Hijrah), and marks the beginning of the Islamic calendar. WebThe first of them is his son, Hasan, then Husayn, then Ali ibn Husayn, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ja'far ibn Muhammad, then Musa ibn Ja'far, then Ali ibn Musa, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ali ibn Muhammad, then Hasan ibn Ali then al-Hujjah al-Qaim al-Mahdi al-Hadi ibn Hasan, Master of the Time (May Allah hasten his blessed advent). Founder of Islam (There are dozens of these guys out there and evangelicals, even the minorities in the space, are missing a massive opportunity. ALOR SETAR: The people must not be misled by leaders who sow hatred by using race and religion for their own benefits, says Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim. 8:10 AM MYT. Islam is picking them off. Such evidence provides sufficient confirmation of the historical existence of an Arab prophet by the name of Muhammad. Omissions? (Traditionally, a congregations Imam is a man; a woman may serve as prayer leader for a women-only gathering.) The "Grand Imam" or "Imam of imams" (Arabic: ) of the Al-Azhar Mosque and Al-Azhar University is a prestigious Sunni Islam title and a prominent official title in Egypt. Following Imam Ali there are eleven leaders in his progeny (Peace be on them). WebMuhammad was the founder of Islam and the proclaimer of the Qurn, Islams sacred scripture. HISTORY.com works with a wide range of writers and editors to create accurate and informative content. The other faction, the Sunnis, believed that the Prophet's successor should be determined by consensus and successively elected three of his most trusted companions, commonly referred to as the Rightly Guided Caliphs (Abu Bakr, 'Umar, and 'Uthman), as leaders of the Muslim community; 'Ali succeeded them as the fourth caliph. Especially the customary chronological framework for Muhammads life appears to have been worked out by later transmitters and collectors such as Ibn Isq, rather than being traceable to the earliest layer of Islamic traditions about Muhammad. The word means 'sign of God', and those who carry the title are experts in Islamic studies such as jurisprudence, ethics, philosophy and mysticism, and usually teach in schools (hawza) of Islamic sciences. Finally, it is distinctly possible that some reports about events in Muhammads life emerged not from historical memory but from exegetical speculation about the historical context of particular verses of the Qurn. On one of these occasions, the Archangel Gabriel (Jibra'il in Arabic) appeared to him and instructed him to recite "in the name of [your] lord." Any Muslim with sufficient knowledge may lead prayers or perform rituals such as weddings or funerals. The Holy Prophet himself has said: This son of mine, Husayn is an Imam, son of an Imam, brother of an Imam and father of nine Imams. Most Muslims believe that Muhammads scribes wrote down his words, which became the Quran. Followers of Islam aim to live a life of complete submission to Allah. And there is an Imam e Mubeen who encompasses the whole universe as per the teachings of the Quran. Sarah Pruitt is a writer and editor based in seacoast New Hampshire. This Arabic word has different meanings, depending on the context, and can be translated as lord (or owner), companion, or friend. Muhammad Most of his early life was spent as a merchant. Shaykh/Shaykha: spiritual leader (usually male, occasionally female), especially of a Sufi Circle. In everyday terms, an imam for Sunni Muslims is the one who leads Islamic formal (Fard) prayers, even in locations besides the mosque, whenever prayers are done in a group of two or more with one person leading (imam) and the others following by copying his ritual actions of worship. The Arabic term islm, literally surrender, illuminates the fundamental religious idea of Islamthat the believer (called a Muslim, from the active particle of islm) accepts surrender to the will of Allah (in Arabic, Allh: God). Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. (See details under Zaidiyyah, History of Yemen, Imams of Yemen.):). But of course it's not what happened. Instead, Husseins martyrdom at Karbala became the central story of Shia tradition, and is commemorated yearly as Ashoura, the most solemn date on the Shia calendar. Ayatollahs can reach the position of a Marja-e-Taqlid, which allows them to issue fatwi (Arabic, plural of "fatwa"). (Traditionally, a congregations Imam is a man; a woman may serve as prayer leader for a women-only gathering.) The titles of Ayatollah and Grand Ayatollah exist only in the Shiite sect of Islam. At the same time, the nature of the sources is not such as to inspire confidence that we possess historically certain knowledge about the Prophets life that is as detailed as many earlier scholars tended to assume. The first caliph was Abu Bakr, Muhammads father-in-law and close friend. I dont get!!!!!) Heroic Fraternities by Anthony Bradley on Twitter: "(There are In 897, a Zaidi ruler, al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya, founded a line of such imams, a theocratic form of government which survived until the second half of the 20th century. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. It is an Anglicized/Latinized version of the Arabic word or Khalfah, which means "successor", that is, successor to the Muhammad. Certain tensions with the Islamic narrative of the Prophets life remain, however. Wikipedia WebCaliph is the term for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. WebImam: prayer leader; may also function as a spiritual advisor and expert in Islamic Law. Islamic religious leaders For instance, a Syriac chronicle dating from about 640 mentions a battle between the Romans and the Arabs of Muhammad, and an Armenian history composed about 660 describes Muhammad as a merchant who preached to the Arabs and thereby triggered the Islamic conquests. They also believe that all the imams chosen are free from committing any sin, impeccability which is called ismah. In Islam, an Imam is a religious leader who often leads congregational prayers in a mosque. Shaykh/Shaykha: spiritual leader (usually male, occasionally female), especially of a Sufi Circle. Some titles for traditional Islamic leaders include Caliph, Imam, Sheikh, Mufti, Mujtahid and Allamah. Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini WebSunnis revere all four caliphs, while Shi'is regard 'Ali as the first spiritual leader. Nation of Islam: This mostly African-American, Sunni sect was founded in the 1930s in Detroit, Michigan. The imam's Arabic titles are used by the majority of Twelver Shia who use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Imam&oldid=1151031191, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the New International Encyclopedia, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Knowledge of Quran and Sunnah, religious devotion, According to most Shia scholars, he was poisoned on the order of Caliph, Sunni and Shia sources both describe him as one of the early and most eminent, According to some Shia scholars, he was poisoned by Ibrahim ibn Walid ibn 'Abdallah in, According to Shia sources, he was poisoned in, Leader of the Shia community during the schism of, Famous for his generosity and piety in the face of persecution by the, Poisoned by his wife, Al-Ma'mun's daughter, in. You will need to follow the instructions in that message in order to gain full access to the site. Meanwhile, in Brunei, Singapore and Malaysia, those who lead any prayers in any places such as at home, are also called imam. Muhammad was the prophet and founder of Islam. Some titles for traditional Islamic leaders include Caliph, Imam, Sheikh, Mufti, Mujtahid and Allamah. The Caliph has often been referred to as Ameer al-Mumineen ( ), has been defunct since the abolition of the Ottoman Sultanate in 1924. The concept of Imam has its origins in the Quran. The Leaders of Islam I dont get!!!!!) At age 40, he began to have revelations from Allah that became the basis for the Koran and the foundation of Islam. WebCaliph is the term for the Islamic leader of the Ummah, or community of Islam. Because Muhammad was the chosen recipient and messenger of the word of God through the divine revelations, Muslims from all walks of life strive to follow his example. hbbd```b``@$kf/`qF0 &H0 Founder of Islam WebLeadership. Due to animistic belief of ancient Javanese people, the title "Kyai" is also used to call almost all persons and things venerated. Muhammad was a prophet and founder of Islam. He spent his entire life in what is now the country of Saudi Arabia, from his birth about 570 CE in Mecca to his death in 632 in Medina. WebThe first of them is his son, Hasan, then Husayn, then Ali ibn Husayn, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ja'far ibn Muhammad, then Musa ibn Ja'far, then Ali ibn Musa, then Muhammad ibn Ali, then Ali ibn Muhammad, then Hasan ibn Ali then al-Hujjah al-Qaim al-Mahdi al-Hadi ibn Hasan, Master of the Time (May Allah hasten his blessed advent).

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