territorial waters unclos

The issue of varying claims of territorial waters was raised in the UN in 1967 by Arvid Pardo of Malta, and in 1973 the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea convened in New York. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.. China begins military drills around Taiwan after US Speaker visit An agreement was made with other seabed mining nations and licenses were granted to four international consortia. [32], United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Part XII Protecting the marine environment, Biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, Jennifer Frakes, The Common Heritage of Mankind Principle and the Deep Seabed, Outer Space, and Antarctica: Will Developed and Developing Nations Reach a Compromise? The Convention on the Law of the Sea | U.S. Navy JAG Corps In 1956, the United Nations held its first Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS I) at Geneva, Switzerland. (See below for further information on the Three Nautical Mile Line and the Natural Resources Boundary.). The right of innocent passage does not apply in internal waters. [15], In 1960, the United Nations held the second Conference on the Law of the Sea ("UNCLOS II"); however, the six-week Geneva conference did not result in any new agreements. Passage shall be continuous and expeditious. 2. 1. 17 Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Persons and Entities With Respect to Activities in the Area Advisory Opinion, International Tribunal on the Law of the Sea Finally Renders Advisory Opinion Establishing that the Precautionary Principle is Incorporated Within UNCLOS Law, "Governing areas beyond national jurisdiction", "Who Owns the Ocean's Genes? Immunities of warships and other government ships. A man waters his lawn in Alhambra on April 27, 2022, a day after Southern California declared a water-shortage emergency, with unprecedented new restrictions on outdoor watering for millions of people living in Los Angeles, San Bernardino and Ventura counties. Under Article 17 of UNCLOS, innocent passage is the right to proceed through another country's territorial waters without interference. Shore and Sea Boundaries summarizes the technical and legal aspects of determining maritime boundaries in the U.S., particularly with respect to the use of data acquired by the Office of Coast Survey and its predecessors. The coastal State may take the necessary steps in its territorial sea to prevent passage which is not innocent. territorial sea: 12 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive fishing zone: 32-52 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, Australia, Chile, and Argentina claim Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) rights or similar over 200 nm extensions seaward from their continental claims, but like the claims themselves, these zones are not accepted by other countries; 22 of 29 Antarctic Treaty consultative parties have made no claims to Antarctic territory, although Russia and the United States have reserved the right to do so, and no country can make a new claim; also see the Disputes - international entry, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: extending to boundaries to be determined, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 18 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: to the outer limits of the continental margin, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: geographic coordinates define outer limitcontinental shelf: median line with neighbors, territorial sea: 12 nm in the north, 3 nm in the south; note - from the mouth of the Sarstoon River to Ranguana Cay, Belize's territorial sea is 3 nm; according to Belize's Maritime Areas Act, 1992, the purpose of this limitation is to provide a framework for negotiating a definitive agreement on territorial differences with Guatemalaexclusive economic zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claimcontinental shelf: 200 nmexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental margin, territorial sea: 12 nmEnvironment (Protection and Preservation) Zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmmeasured from claimed archipelagic baselines, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200/350 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 12 nmexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: since 2011, the DRC has had a Common Interest Zone agreement with Angola for the mutual development of off-shore resources, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin, territorial sea: 3 nmexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental marginmeasured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nmnote: Ecuador has declared its right to extend its continental shelf to 350 nm measured from the baselines of the Galapagos Archipelago, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm or the equidistant median line with Cypruscontinental shelf: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: limits as agreed to by Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Sweden, and Russia, territorial sea: 12 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nmexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median lineexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationmeasured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines, territorial sea: 12 nm (in the Gulf of Finland - 3 nm)contiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitationexclusive fishing zone: 12 nm; extends to continental shelf boundary with Sweden, Estonia, and Russia, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm (does not apply to the Mediterranean Sea)continental shelf: 200m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm from Iles Kerguelen and Iles Eparses (does not include the rest of French Southern and Antarctic Lands); Juan de Nova Island and Tromelin Island claim a continental shelf of 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 18 nmcontinental shelf: extent not specifiedexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, note: effective 3 January 2009, the Gaza maritime area is closed to all maritime traffic and is under blockade imposed by Israeli Navy until further notice, territorial sea: 6 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 3 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median lineexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm or agreed boundaries or median line, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive fishing zone: 12 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: to depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: natural extension of territory or to 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmmeasured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: bilateral agreements or median lines in the Persian Gulfcontinental shelf: natural prolongation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontinental shelf: not specified, territorial sea: 12 nmcontinental shelf: to depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to edge of the continental marginmeasured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines, territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the international straits - La Perouse or Soya, Tsugaru, Osumi, and the Korea and Tsushima Straitscontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmnote: military boundary line 50 nm in the Sea of Japan and the exclusive economic zone limit in the Yellow Sea where all foreign vessels and aircraft without permission are banned, territorial sea: 12 nm; between 3 nm and 12 nm in the Korea Straitcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: not specified, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: limits as agreed to by Estonia, Finland, Latvia, Sweden, and Russiacontinental shelf: 200 m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive fishing zone: 62 nmnote: Gulf of Sidra closing line - 32 degrees, 30 minutes north, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or 100 nm from the 2,500-m isobath, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation; specified boundary in the South China Sea, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmmeasured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationexclusive fishing zone: 25 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental marginmeasured from claimed archipelagic straight baselines, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 12 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontinental shelf: defined by treaty, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: natural prolongation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 10 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm or edge of continental margin, territorial sea: 12 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitationexclusive fishing zone: 200 nmmeasured from claimed archipelagic baselines, territorial sea: 200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claimexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm, territorial sea: irregular polygon extending up to 100 nm from coastline as defined by 1898 treaty; since late 1970s has also claimed polygonal-shaped area in South China Sea as wide as 285 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: defined by international treaties, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: as determined by bilateral agreements or the median line, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmmeasured from claimed archipelagic baselines, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 18 nmcontinental shelf: not specified, territorial sea: 3 nmexclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nmmeasured from claimed archipelagic baselines, territorial sea: 200 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claimexclusive economic zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nm (applies only to the Atlantic Ocean), territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 18 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmcontinental shelf: extends to depth of exploitationexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlinescontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 30 nm; note: the US does not recognize this claimexclusive economic zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental marginmeasured from claimed archipelagic baselines, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 12 nm, territorial sea: 6 nm in the Aegean Seaexclusive economic zone: in Black Sea only: to the maritime boundary agreed upon with the former USSR12 nm in Black Sea and in Mediterranean Sea, territorial sea: 12 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 m or to the depth of exploitation, territorial sea: 12 nmcontinental shelf: as defined in continental shelf orders or in accordance with agreed upon boundariesexclusive fishing zone: 200 nm, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: not specified, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or the edge of continental margin, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 24 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental marginmeasured from claimed archipelagic baselines, territorial sea: 12 nmcontiguous zone: 15 nmexclusive economic zone: 200 nmcontinental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation, a variety of situations exist, but in general, most countries make the following claims measured from the mean low-tide baseline as described in the 1982 UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: territorial sea - 12 nm, contiguous zone - 24 nm, and exclusive economic zone - 200 nm; additional zones provide for exploitation of continental shelf resources and an exclusive fishing zone; boundary situations with neighboring states prevent many countries from extending their fishing or economic zones to a full 200 nm, Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI).

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