docker escape techniques

Adversaries may break out of a container to gain access to the underlying host. Chen, J. et al. Attackers Abusing Legitimate Cloud Monitoring Tools to Conduct Cyber Attacks. The process breakout depends on the following misconfigurations: 1. (Click to see larger version.). ), Figure 2. (Click to see larger version. Remote access tools with built-in features may interact directly with the Windows API, such as calling GetLocaleInfoW() to gather system location information.[12]. Retrieved March 30, 2021. [8], TeamTNT has deployed privileged containers that mount the filesystem of victim machine. Retrieved September 22, 2021. Why a Privileged Container in Docker is a Bad Idea. there are no special tables to record events from containers). Windows Server Containers Are Open, and Here's How You Can Break Out. This is generally achieved by exploiting various misconfigurations in Docker. Broadly, the escape techniques fall into two categories: Although these techniques are commonly used to escape from containers, they can also be used to evade monitoring tools that are not container-aware. In Kubernetes environments, consider defining a Pod Security Policy that prevents pods from running privileged containers.[11]. Retrieved September 22, 2021. MITRE ATT&CK and ATT&CK are registered trademarks of The MITRE Corporation. Second, since mirroring is complete, an attacker can drop potentially malicious files into monitored locations on the host using the following commands: All of the activities that we did for simulation are recorded by osquery in the process_events and process_file_events tables. (2022, January 5). (n.d.). Deep Analysis of TeamTNT Techniques Using Container Images to Attack. [2][3][4] Adversaries may also escape via Exploitation for Privilege Escalation, such as exploiting vulnerabilities in global symbolic links in order to access the root directory of a host machine.[5]. Retrieved April 1, 2021. Figure 1. Figure 3. Docker. Retrieved October 1, 2021. [7], Siloscape maps the hosts C drive to the container by creating a global symbolic link to the host through the calling of NtSetInformationSymbolicLink. This can help find the process (or processes) that started the offending process. Docker Overview. But accelerated adoption introduces risk because it takes time for administrators to fully understand the best ways to deploy Docker securely. The EDR capabilities in Uptycs address this issue by empowering security teams to detect attacks in their Docker infrastructure. [11], Ensure containers are not running as root by default. [1], There are multiple ways an adversary may escape to a host environment. Uptycs can detect both of these types of breakouts. Kubernetes Hardening Guide. This information tells us whether the file was opened for reading, writing (or both), file permissions, etc. [4], Hildegard has used the BOtB tool that can break out of containers. List of I/O breakout signals (correlated alerts and events) in Uptycs. (Click to see larger version.). Dokis container was configured to bind the host root directory. Compromise Software Dependencies and Development Tools, Windows Management Instrumentation Event Subscription, Executable Installer File Permissions Weakness, Path Interception by PATH Environment Variable, Path Interception by Search Order Hijacking, File and Directory Permissions Modification, Windows File and Directory Permissions Modification, Linux and Mac File and Directory Permissions Modification, Trusted Developer Utilities Proxy Execution, Multi-Factor Authentication Request Generation, Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol, Exfiltration Over Asymmetric Encrypted Non-C2 Protocol, Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Non-C2 Protocol. Prizmant, D. (2021, June 7). Hildegard: New TeamTNT Cryptojacking Malware Targeting Kubernetes. Docker. Daniel Prizmant. Fishbein, N., Kajiloti, M.. (2020, July 28). Process graph for correlated process breakout signals. Retrieved February 8, 2022. However, osquery helpfully marks events coming from containerized processes and attaches basic metadata to identify the source containers. National Security Agency, Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency. Peirates GitHub. These events also have container metadata associated with them, which helps identify the specific container and the image thats running the malicious process. The execution of the above commands leads to mirroring of the contents of the storage device to the mount_folder. Entries in the process_file_events table have file metadata (opening flags, mode, inode number, filesystem type) associated with them. Fishbein, N. (2020, September 8). Verify that osquery generated telemetry in the process_events table and that ancestor_list contains kthread in process details. This means changes made to the mirror folder would be reflected on the storage device and vice versa. Adhokshaj Mishra is a security researcher at Uptycs, specializing in Linux malware research. Retrieved June 9, 2021. ), Figure 4. List of process breakout signals (correlated events and alerts) in Uptycs. Retrieved April 1, 2022. Monitor for process activity (such as unexpected processes spawning outside a container and/or on a host) that might indicate an attempt to escape from a privileged container to host. To recap, organizations are using Docker to quickly scale up and meet their needs. All these events are combined in the same tables (i.e. Fiser, D., Oliveira, A.. (2019, December 20). (2022, March). [6], Peirates can gain a reverse shell on a host node by mounting the Kubernetes hostPath. [11], Use read-only containers, read-only file systems, and minimal images when possible to prevent the running of commands. Run the following commands in the container: 3. (2020, November 19). Retrieved March 30, 2021. We can use the following queries to identify I/O breakouts: Detect a new privileged container getting spawned: Detect privileged containers that are already running: These queries are generic and will detect any potential malware that uses these techniques. Schedule a demo to learn more about the container security functionality in Uptycs. All of the events recorded by osquery have process tree data associated with them. 4. Retrieved April 5, 2021. (2020, August 25). He loves to attend various security meetups and Detecting Docker escapes using osquery and Uptycs, Cloud Workload Protection Platform (CWPP), Writing to the host file system from a container (I/O breakout), Running a process on the host machine from a container (process breakout), Devices on the host are accessible from the container. Indicators of Compromise Associated with Ragnar Locker Ransomware. Gaining access to the host may provide the adversary with the opportunity to achieve follow-on objectives, such as establishing persistence, moving laterally within the environment, or setting up a command and control channel on the host. This can allow an adversary access to other containerized resources from the host level or to the host itself. We can use the following queries to identify I/O breakouts. Siloscape: First Known Malware Targeting Windows Containers to Compromise Cloud Environments. In Kubernetes environments, consider defining a Pod Security Policy that limits container access to host process namespaces, the host network, and the host file system. Kol, Roi. Monitor cluster-level (Kubernetes) data and events associated with changing containers' volume configurations. Docker escape techniques allow an attacker to break out to the host system from a container. Run a Docker container with SYS_ADMIN capability, and the AppArmor profile disabled: 2. (n.d.). Use Bind Mounts. The I/O breakout depends on the following container misconfigurations: An attacker will execute the following steps in the container to compromise the host system. (2021, February 3). Retrieved March 30, 2021. Watch Your Containers: Doki Infecting Docker Servers in the Cloud. This gap between adoption and security creates opportunities for attackers to exploit misconfigurations. (2020, July 15). Please note that the osquery process runs on the host (instead of running inside each container), and therefore, it is able to record events happening on the host, as well as events happening inside any of the containers running on the same host. Morag, A. In principle, containerized resources should provide a clear separation of application functionality and be isolated from the host environment. Verify that "$host_path/output" contains output of the executed command (ps aux). 2015-2022, The MITRE Corporation. FBI. Process graph for correlated I/O breakout signals. First, since the host devices are accessible from the container, an attacker can mount a storage device from the host onto the container using these commands: In this example, mount_folder is any folder where an attacker can mount a storage device. Monitor for the deployment of suspicious or unknown container images and pods in your environment, particularly containers running as root. [9][10], Consider utilizing seccomp, seccomp-bpf, or a similar solution that restricts certain system calls such as mount. InGuardians. Prior to Uptycs, he worked in security consulting (threat hunting, incident response). (Click to see larger version. Retrieved March 30, 2021. Apart from defensive research, he also works on the offensive side in his spare time. Examples include creating a container configured to mount the hosts filesystem using the bind parameter, which allows the adversary to drop payloads and execute control utilities such as cron on the host, or utilizing a privileged container to run commands on the underlying host. This means changes made to the mirror folder would be reflected on the following queries to identify specific! With SYS_ADMIN capability, and the AppArmor profile disabled: 2 4 ], TeamTNT has deployed containers. Apart from defensive research, he worked in security consulting ( threat hunting, incident response ), D. Oliveira. Both ), file permissions, etc the above commands leads to mirroring of storage. By mounting the Kubernetes hostPath that osquery generated telemetry in the process_file_events table have metadata. Or unknown container images and pods in Your environment, particularly containers running as root by default no special to! 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