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How successful was the Elizabethan settlement within the - MyTutor In 1539, Henry tried to walk back some of his more Lutheran-leaning reforms and make the Church of England more Catholic by reaffirming transubstantiation and celibacy for clerics. The Church of England was then moved even closer towards full Protestantism under Henry's successor, his son Edward VI of England (r. 1547-1553 CE). Gradually, however, parishes complied as bishops exerted pressure. James I tried to balance the Puritan forces within his church with followers of Andrewes, promoting many of them at the end of his reign. [54], Music in the Church of England was limited to biblical texts and music sung during worship in the early church. Most of the parish clergy were Catholics. The 1559 Religious Settlement was an honest attempt to bring as many as was possible into the fold - but it could never have satisfied the wishes of those who were at the religious extremes of society. World History Publishing is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. The Elizabethan religious settlement survived with the attrition of other religious beliefs and practices. Returning to Protestantism would align England with the Dutch, its main trading partner, but risked antagonising Spain, the most powerful nation in the world. She tried to make everyone happy and to at least avoid infuriating any more people. It also repealed the medieval heresy laws that Mary I had revived. The is essay will argue that in the period 15581564 the religious settlement was broadly success useful as it was slowly adhered to with little opposition up until 1564. This new amalgamated version, like its predecessors, set out how church services should be conducted and was itself to be used in those services. - Elizabeth proclaimed that she did not wish to made windows into men's souls. Fig. This perception was seemingly confirmed when Elizabeth was excommunicated by Pope Pius V in February 1570. Those who refused to conform to the new Church of England were persecuted. [88], The controversy over dress divided the Protestant community, and it was in these years that the term Puritan came into use to describe those who wanted further reformation. Most people in Elizabethan England were Catholic, but the majority of the government was Protestant. [97] The majority of conformists were part of the Reformed consensus that included the Puritans; what divided the parties were disputes over church government. Some lost faith in the Church of England as an agent of reform, becoming separatists and establishing underground congregations. Elizabeth accepted the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England upon her ascension in 1558. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1565/the-elizabethan-religious-settlement/. [17] Her Privy Council was filled with former Edwardian politicians, and only Protestants preached at Court. It is also true that many preachers simply carried on as before hoping not to be noticed by the authorities - who in some cases were sympathetic at a local level. Elizabethan Settlement. There was a turnover of officials as Elizabeth removed remaining pro-Catholic bishops and, under the 1559 CE Act of Exchange, confiscated their estates (or threatened to if they did not toe the line). 'Elizabeth's religious settlement was a successful compromise - Quizlet After Elizabeth's death, the Puritans were challenged by a high church, Arminian party that gained power during the reign of Charles I. This was by no means a simple task as, in these early stages, nobody quite knew what Anglicism precisely was except that it was not Catholicism or extreme Protestantism but somewhere in-between. The Church that Elizabeth created is unique. Between 1574 and 1603, 600 Catholic priests were sent to England. [64][pageneeded] In 1571, Convocation finalised the Thirty-nine Articles. Elizabeth . Our publication has been reviewed for educational use by Common Sense Education, Internet Scout (University of Wisconsin), Merlot (California State University), OER Commons and the School Library Journal. Those exiles with ties to John Calvin's reformation in Geneva were notably excluded from consideration. Elizabeth I inherited a kingdom bitterly divided over matters of religion. Identify your study strength and weaknesses. Lerne mit deinen Freunden und bleibe auf dem richtigen Kurs mit deinen persnlichen Lernstatistiken. While the prayer book directed the use of ordinary bread for communion, the Injunctions required traditional wafers to be used. Upload unlimited documents and save them online. Was the Elizabethan settlement successful? After Queen Mary I died in 1558, Elizabeth I became queen. How far do you agree? Examples of permissible music included metrical psalms and liturgical texts such as the Te Deum. Churchwarden accounts indicate that half of all parishes kept Catholic vestments and Mass equipment for at least a decade. During Edward's reign, the Church of England adopted a Reformed theology and liturgy. Elizabeth had to also concede to the radical Protestants and so she introduced a new Book of Common Prayer in 1559 CE which was not quite as radical as Thomas Cranmer's 1552 CE version but more so than the more moderate 1549 CE version. They would spend more money on buying Bibles and prayer books and replacing chalices with communion cups (a chalice was designed for the priest alone whereas a communion cup was larger and to be used by the whole congregation). [80], By 1574, Catholic recusants had organised an underground Roman Catholic Church, distinct from the Church of England. Elizabeth's efforts led to the Religious Settlement, a legal process by which the Protestant Church of England was restored and the queen took the title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England. The upheaval by yet another major religious reform resulted in rebellion in many English provinces. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Try and produce an argument for your decision by gathering evidence from the article! [65], With the Queen's approval, Convocation also issued a second Book of Homilies with sermons on 20 topics. Why did Henry VIII break with the Catholic Church? In November, A Second Admonition to Parliament was publishedmost likely authored by Thomas Cartwright or Christopher Goodmanwhich presented a more detailed proposal for church reform along presbyterian lines. [61] By far the most popular and reprinted metrical Psalter was Thomas Sternhold's Whole book of Psalms. World History Encyclopedia, 02 Jun 2020. ", Salvation comes from God's grace alone and not through good works. [40] These new royal injunctions were meant to fill in the details of the settlement and were to be enforced nationwide by six groups of clerical and lay commissioners. "The Elizabethan Religious Settlement." What were the beliefs in the Elizabethan era? - KnowledgeBurrow A priest found guilty of performing a mass could face the death penalty. When not in use, it was to be oriented north to south, the same as an altar. Henry named Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset, as regent for the young King Edward VI. [96], In 1577, Whitgift was made Bishop of Worcester and six years later Archbishop of Canterbury. But that does not mean that it was never again contested. [63], The Elizabethan settlement was further consolidated by the adoption of a moderately Protestant doctrinal statement called the Thirty-nine Articles of Religion. [30], The Ornaments Rubric was added as one of the concessions to traditionalists in order to gain passage in the Lords. Essay assessing the validity of the view: "The Elizabethan religious Immediately, she established that England was not tied to Rome in any way. [32] This made it easier for priests to "counterfeit" the Mass without risking arrest. While a disappointment for Puritans, the provisions were aimed at satisfying moderate Puritans and isolating them from their more radical counterparts. Again, the question remained a moving target, and many-faced persecution as the definition of acceptable religion continued to shift. All Christians may receive the bread and wine of the Lord's Supper. Cartwright, M. (2020, June 02). This bill would have returned the Church to its position at the death of Henry VIII rather than to that when Edward VI died. [111] Puritans became dissenters. Episcopacy was replaced with a semi-presbyterian system. From across the sea, an art revolution is coming. It included the Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity, a new Book of Common Prayer, and the Thirty-Nine Articles. [14] He argues the modifications were most likely meant to appease domestic and foreign Lutheran Protestants who opposed the memorialist view originating from reformed Zurich. Indulge in gifts inspired by its Elizabethan symbolism. [34][35] Opposition to the so-called "popish wardrobe" made it impossible to enforce the rubric. From the Puritans and Calvinists, it "inherited a contradictory impulse to assert the supremacy of scripture and preaching". The first act passed by the House of Commons in February 1559 joined together a bill of supremacy, establishing Queen Elizabeth I as head of the church, with one of uniformity, dealing with the type of faith and service. The Elizabethan Settlement established a unified Church of England that included Protestant beliefs and the Catholic hierarchical structure. Search here. P-The Religious settlement was successful because there was much about it that was acceptable to most Catholics. Calvinists were divided between conformists and Puritans, who wanted to abolish what they considered papist abuses and replace episcopacy with a presbyterian church government. He holds an MA in Political Philosophy and is the WHE Publishing Director. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2023) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. The bishops struggled for decades to impose the prayer book and Injunctions on reluctant parishes. [107], The Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 allowed for the restoration of the Elizabethan Settlement as well. 6 Essay on Thirty Nine Articles of Religion. Even this was possible only through political intrigue. Most Puritans, however, remained in the Church of England. The bishops were placed in the difficult position of enforcing conformity while supporting reform. One of her first acts as queen sought to heal the religious division brought on by the past half-century by treading a middle ground between the two sides: a new united Church of England. The successful defence of the Kingdom against invasion on such an unprecedented scale boosted the prestige of England's Queen Elizabeth I and encouraged a sense of English pride and nationalism. Article 34, for example, stated the following: It is not necessary that Traditions and Ceremonies be in all places one, or utterly alike; for at all times they have been divers, and may be changed according to the diversities of countries, times and men's manners, so [provided] that nothing be ordained against God's WordEvery particular or national church hath authority to ordain, change, and abolish ceremonies or rites of the Church. How could she reconcile the nation? The Elizabethan Religious Settlement is the name given to the religious and political arrangements made for England during the reign of Elizabeth I (15581603). It restored the 1552 prayer book with some modifications. Elizabeth's cautious reforms resulted in 'a Church that was Protestant in doctrine, Catholic in appearance'. By the 1580s, conformist Protestants (termed "parish anglicans" by Christopher Haigh and "Prayer Book protestants" by Judith Maltby) were becoming a majority. While many people were either pro-Catholic or pro-Protestant, it is likely that many more were attracted to elements from both sides such as, for example, admiring the beautiful ornamentation of a gold crucifix yet favouring the use of English in services. The belief that the wafer and wine literally transform into Christ's body and blood during Communion service. Taxes that had been paid to Rome were, as before Mary's reign, redirected to the English government. Henry VIII secured his position on the throne through violence in 1485 when he defeated Richard III. This was partially due to ambiguous doctrinal changes which did not greatly affect everyday life, among other factors. John Calvin, an influential Continental reformer, had called Henry VIII's claim to supreme headship blasphemy. The Elizabethan Settlement intended to provide a compromise between Catholics and Protestants by incorporating elements of each faith into the Church of England. The Religious Settlement - GCSE History Those who refused to attend Church of England services were called recusants. Elizabethan Religious Settlement Religion became a very divisive factor in people's lives in England when Protestant ideas challenged the dominance of the Catholic Church of Rome. Made Elizabeth I Supreme Governor of the Church. 'The Elizabethan Religious Settlement was successfully established in the years 1558-1603. . [83], The persecution of 15811592 changed the nature of Roman Catholicism in England. [31], The Act of Uniformity required church attendance on Sundays and holy days and imposed fines for each day absent. Additionally, today's Anglican Church structure is essentially the same as it was in 1563. Queen, Government and Religion, 1558-69 | GCSE History Notes The Elizabethan Religious Settlement (1559) - Elizabeth I of England Fig. With bishops, however, only one agreed to take the oath and all the others had to step down. His lineage was unstable, and his production of a male heir was necessary. What was a Catholic element of the new Church of England? Please support World History Encyclopedia. It included the Act of Supremacy, Act of Uniformity, a new Book of Common Prayer, and the Thirty-Nine Articles. Implemented between 1559 and 1563, the settlement is considered the end of the English Reformation, permanently shaping the theology and liturgy of the Church of England and laying the foundations of Anglicanism's unique identity. The bill was hotly debated but eventually passed by three votes. [37] This combination could be interpreted as an affirmation of an objective real presence to those who believed in it, while others could interpret it to mean memorialism. Both attempts failed, mainly because of the Queen's opposition. After Henry's first wife, Catherine of Aragon, failed to give Henry an heir to his throne, Henry's eyes wandered! We want people all over the world to learn about history. Henry VIII officially broke with the Catholic Church in Rome in 1534 by passing the First Act of Supremacy, making himself head of a new Church of England. William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley (1520-1598 CE) was Elizabeth Thomas Cranmer served as the first Protestant Archbishop of Canterbury Elizabeth I reigned as queen of England from 1558 to 1603 CE. Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. How successful was the Elizabethan religious settlement? Unlike the majority of her subjects Elizabeth had no appetite for further reformation . The next sovereign was Catholic Mary I of England (r. 1553-1558 CE), and she reversed the Reformation. Since the Act of Uniformity 1549 which approved the first prayer book was passed in January, it is likely that the provisions of the 1549 prayer book were intended, even though Edward's second year ended several months before the book was published. [94] Rather, the Admonition's authors believed that presbyterianism was the only biblical form of church government, whereas Whitgift argued that no single form of church government was commanded in the Bible. Thomas Sampson, a Marian exile, believed that "All scripture seems to assign the title of head of the Church to Christ alone". This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. The English Reformation began with Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 Mary, Queen of Scots was the queen of both Scotland (r. 1542-1567 Mary I of England reigned as queen from 1553 to 1558 CE. [103][104] James, however, did the opposite, forcing the Scottish Church to accept bishops and the Five Articles of Perth, all attempts to make it as similar as possible to the English Church. In 1571, the Thirty-Nine Articles were adopted as a confessional statement for the church, and a Book of Homilies was issued outlining the church's reformed theology in greater detail. [116] The clash between Calvinists and Arminians was never resolved, and the "seesaw battle between Catholic and Protestant within a single Anglican ecclesiastical structure has been proceeding ever since".
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