1 gram of antimatter explosion radius

And if you're concerned that this work doesn't warrant fooling around with such a violently explosive anti-substance, Professor Doser says there's no need to worry. The Tsar Bomba is the worlds most powerful nuclear weapon it was developed by Russia and has the explosive force of all the explosives that went off during world war two times 10. Therefore, just by doubling the distance, you'll be shielding yourself from significant exposure. any large scale destruction of a city, with non antimatter device, on earth of a nuclear ready country would trigger mutually assured destruction, in what is estimated to be a thousand times over. Blast Radius Calculator Of course, getting even a milligram of antimatter is going to be tou. Nope. As of now an antimatter bomb, large enough to cause any damage, wont be made because its just so expensive to make. It only takes a minute to sign up. the algonquin club boston cookies that taste like mcdonaldland cookies 0 Comments 1 View 0 Likes. NASA have actually started planning to use antimatter spaceships to go to space. Find out more about shock waves in our oblique shock calculator and Prandtl Meyer expansion calculator. Q3 is very hard to answer you need to completely overwhelm the gravitational pull of earth so only terraforming don't qualify for millions of pieces. In other words, for each gram of TNT exploded, 4.184kilojoules (or 4,184 joules) of energy are released. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? You can also convert entire earth into energy but you have to look for antimatter earth to do it. Everyone knows biking is fantastic, but only this Car vs. Bike Calculator turns biking hours into trees! Supposing we had many thousands of antimatter bombs (they can be detonated in many different locations), how much total antimatter would we need in order to wipe out all humans on Earth? It depends on the specific case or use. In order to store antimatter it has to be kept in a sealed container and held up with magnets so that it floats. 2 * (mass of earth) * c^2 And the answer is $1.0735089\times10^{42}$ J (joules) Wolfram Alpha gave the following helpful equivalency: $( \frac{1}{93} )\times$ energy released from a supernova $(\approx 1\times 10 . 1212 New York Ave., NW, Suite 650 Washington, DC 20005 | Phone: 202-429-9280 | Email: info@ime.org. All I've ever read is science fiction, and they seem to be wildly wildly different in how dangerous Antimatter actually is. "Antimatter appears every single time matter appears," Professor Doser says. There are many hypothetical antimatter weapons, the most well known of which is the antimatter bomb. A more realistic method might be to create a nuclear winter, by blowing dust up into the sky. AEST = Australian Eastern Standard Time which is 10 hours ahead of GMT (Greenwich Mean Time), abc.net.au/news/antimatter-factory-physics-most-expensive-explosive-substance/101948092, Your information is being handled in accordance with the, Get breaking news alerts directly to your phone with our app, Help keep family & friends informed by sharing this article, Supplied: CERN/Maximilien Brice/Julien MariusOrdan, This man advises his clients that elections, rates and mortgages are invalid, Recreational vaping to be banned, all e-cigarettes to be strictly controlled, Treasurer refuses to confirm reported JobSeeker lift for people over 55, but says targeted support in the budget, Selling the furniture and couch-surfing: Families forced to make 'impossible' decisions amid fears inflation crisis hitting kids, US updates Russian death toll in Ukraine, Twitter glitch logs users out. So not only would they be more powerful than nukes, but also more likely to be used on people. We could make this happen if we work at it. For instance, the antimatter equivalent to the electron is called the positron. The antihydrogen gets stuck in the area with the weakest magnetic field. Often, the responses are droll ones such as love, cocaine, cash money, computer ink, or even sex. How does that last equation (rolled back for the time being; see revision history) work out? Why is this antimatter issue a big problem for the Big Bang? The latter's decay chains include neutrinos, which of course, carry energy away harmlessly. Would it level the building? When the antimatter starts reacting antiprotons and positrons will be kicked away, mixing with the air. So if correct the answer would answer question number 3, but questions number 1 and 2 are left unanswered. But, taking the statement as accurate (and the source appears to be of generally high quality to me). Mathematically, the ratio of the weight of the explosives (W and W) is proportional to the ratio of the cube of range (R and R), i.e. Antimatter is actually produce by all sorts of things, for instance bananas produce antimatter. . Matter and antimatter particles annihilate one another whenever they come into contact! The total global nuclear arsenal is about 15,000 nuclear warheads. $3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1} * 200K=7.31310^{20} kJ$. On the other hand, one milligram of 18F-FDG will contain on the order of 3x10^18 molecules. All of the antiprotons created at Fermilab's Tevatron particle accelerator add up to only 15 nanograms. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. This stops it from making contact with matter. Would it just be a stupidly bright flash? This international scientific institution in Switzerland is home to the Large Hadron Collider, and it regularly exposes the hidden particles that make up our universe. If you absolutely, positively need to sterilize the surface, you must blast it from orbit. The positron has the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge, rather than negative. The energy liberated by one gram of TNT was arbitrarily defined as a matter of convention to be 4184J,[12] which is exactly one kilocalorie. The estimated energy at impact when the largest fragment of, Estimates in 2010 show that the kinetic energy of the. How much energy would be released in a collision of planets of matter & antimatter? Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. A gram of antimatter could produce an explosion the size of a nuclear bomb. Why 1.810 14 joules? That gives you a nice $1,200 km^2$ blast incineration area. Squared it is 89,875,517,900,000,000 or about 9.010 16. Multiplying by the mass of the atmosphere $M_{atm}=5.1*10^{18}$ gives us how much energy it takes to heat the atmosphere by 1 degree Kelvin, $C_v*M_{atm}=3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1}$. A blast wave unleashes a large amount of energy that causes changes in pressure and temperature along its path. No country has considered it worth it to make one, and even the richest businessmen in the world dont have the funds to build one. And based on what we know about this terrifying-sounding substance, the Universe probably shouldn't exist at all. How to force Unity Editor/TestRunner to run at full speed when in background? NASA - New and Improved Antimatter Spaceship for Mars Missions The term "TNT equivalence" is a normalization technique for equating properties of an explosive to TNT, the standard. The table below should be taken as an example and not as a precise source of data. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Collisions between these photons would have resulted in the production of particlesparticles which would eventually become stars, galaxies, and people. [2] Annihilation requires and converts exactly equal masses of antimatter and matter by the collision which releases the entire mass-energy of both, which for 1 gram is ~91013 joules. It's one antiparticle per hour, approximately," Professor Doser says. I mean like a lot of people I've looked at the "NukeMap" website and gone "Wow, the Tsar Bomb really is pretty destructive", what would the Enterprise-D crashing into a city look like by comparison. To create antimatter you just need to create matter. [4] As such, Hui Chen of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory dismissed concerns about antimatter bombs in 2008 as "unrealistic". For that you can recreate the meteor that made the dinosaurs extinct (100 trillion tons of TNT) with about two tons of antimatter in one spot. The neutrinos will carry away a fraction of the energy but the rest will heat the vicinity into a fireball. Worldbuilding Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for writers/artists using science, geography and culture to construct imaginary worlds and settings. Now you can destroy all life on earth using only about 6E4 kg of antimatter, only 60 metric tons of the good stuff. nuclear physics - Would a matter-antimatter explosion cause fallout For more information, please see our 1 kg of antimatter = 53 megaton yield, 4000 kg antimatter = 212 billion ton TNT, $3.6567*10^{18}kJ*K^{-1} * 200K=7.31310^{20} kJ$. Antimatter weapons are currently too costly and unreliable to be viable in warfare, as producing antimatter is enormously expensive (estimated at $6 billion for every 100 nanograms), the quantities of antimatter generated are very small, and current technology has great difficulty containing antimatter, which annihilates upon touching ordinary matter. You can crash 10km sized asteroids into it, and there'll still be some survivors to whine about the injustice of it all. This page was last edited on 21 April 2023, at 04:10. When it hits the target the capsule breaks and the air/target get hit by the antimatter. Number 3 just a really big bang deep down. There is such a thing as an antimatter trap. [4], Alternative values for TNT equivalency can be calculated according to which property is being compared and when in the two detonation processes the values are measured. There's no way $10^{32} / 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, much less $10^{32} \times 10^{17} = 10^{27}$, no matter where you place any 1.72 multiplicative factor. ", "La Garita Mountains grew from volcanic explosions 35 million years ago", "The thought experiment: What would happen if the supervolcano under Yellowstone erupted? For a 10 km dinosaur killer asteroid, 1 kg of antimatter should be sufficient retarget the asteroid -- actually quite a bit less would actually be needed because there are quite a few near earth objects that would need only a tiny orbital deflection to serve the purpose, the largest of these earth crossers, 1866 Sysyphusone of these objects happens to fit the bill as it is probably over 8 km diameter (close enough for our imagination) and currently scheduled to pass about 17 million km from the earth on Nov 24, 2071. Anti-matter Energy Calculator Supposing we had one antimatter bomb (it has to be detonated in one particular location, but it can be as big as necessary, even as big as an entire city), how much antimatter would we need in order to eradicate all animals on Earth? Catch up with The Loop, Jock Zonfrillo remembered as an 'incredible chef' and influential member of Australia's culinary landscape, 'Until we meet in heaven': Maryborough community comes to grips with triple fatality as loved ones remembered, Perfect storm brewing for housing market and it could make buying your own home a pipedream, Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower, Clare desperately wanted to stop drinking but she couldn't make it stick. It doesn't sound like it should be real, but "it does exist", says Professor Doser,a physicist who studies the properties of antimatterat CERN,the European Council for Nuclear Research. 2 kg of $E=mc^2 = 1.79 \times 10^{17} J$. Now, if we were sloppy, we would just pepper the land area of $148,300,000 km^2$, so about 1,236 MIEVs (Multiple Independently Targetable Entry Vehicles) with 100 2kg warheads each would do. Even on larger time scales, creating enough anti-matter to destroy the earth will still be very difficult without invoking the drop a rock strategy. Counting and finding real solutions of an equation. The same technology could theoretically be used to make very small and possibly "fission-free" (very low nuclear fallout) weapons (see pure fusion weapon). Bill Gates couldnt afford more than one millionth of a gram. Antimatter Fuel - Atomic Rockets The "kiloton (of TNT equivalent)" is a unit of energy equal to 4.184 terajoules (4.1841012J). The scaling law is a convenient way to estimate the properties of a large explosion using the data from smaller explosions. However, humans have produced only a minuscule amount of antimatter. A minor scale definition: am I missing something? Now, we wouldn't want that, would we? If those are still fairly small numbers, how big would the Enterprise D exploding really be? [11], So, one can state that a nuclear bomb has a yield of 15kt (6.31013J); but an actual explosion of a 15000ton pile of TNT may yield (for example) 81013J due to additional carbon/hydrocarbon oxidation not present with small open-air charges.[10]. 10 grams of antimatter will annihilate 10 g matter, which just produces 429.6 kT. By Snell's law, determine the incident angle by using our angle of incidence calculator. It's also likely the most explosive substance on the planet. "[When] a proton and antiproton annihilate each other, their mass completely disappears," Professor Dosersays. Ten things you might not know about antimatter Approximate yield of the last eruption of the. At least when you think in other literature, something that could fit in your hand could destroy literally an entire country. There is no nuclear bomb that comes close to the power this bomb would have. I went to wolframalpha.com, and typed in this. Making 1 gram of antimatter would require approximately 25 million billion (10 15) kilowatt-hours of energy and cost over a million billion US dollars. To create antimatter you just need to create matter. Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? Antimatter annihilation from anti-hydrogen is surprisingly messy: it will not be pure gamma rays. Was Aristarchus the first to propose heliocentrism? The time of interaction is very short. What differentiates living as mere roommates from living in a marriage-like relationship? Except the isochoric heat capacity of earth atmosphere is $C_v=.717kJ*kg^{-1}*K^{-1}$. Air Force Researching Antimatter Weapons - Slashdot Just one 10 thousandths of a gram of antimatter could send a spaceship to Mars in only 45 days. Well, in theory if you mix one gram of matter with one gram of antimatter you should get 1.810 14 joules of energy or about 43 kilotons. But antimatter is incredibly scarce, and scientists still dont know why. If the Big Bang led to equal parts matter and antimatter forming, these probably would have then bumped into each other, obliterated one another, and then presumably exploded again. Is it possible to transform energy stored in anti-matter into coherent radiation? This one bullet would be equivalent to 378 grams of TNT, which is more powerful than a modern grenade. Why are players required to record the moves in World Championship Classical games? Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2003: 88. He also rips off an arm to use as a sword. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. But the point is: antimatter is the opposite of matter. For an explosion of TNT equivalent mass, WWW and scaled distance, ZZZ. The team is called the ALPHA collaboration. Big Bang scientists have long claimed that some unknown physics somehow allowed a slightly greater amount of primordial normal matter to be produced, and this leftover normal matter eventually became the material stuff of the universe. $<< 10^{32}J$ (gravitational binding energy of Earth), We must use an even bigger bomb. When groups of people are asked to name the most expensive substance, the variety of answers is hilarious. The storage rings on the spacecraft will hold the antimatter. Likewise, the antimatter counterpart to a proton is the anti-proton which has the same mass as a proton but with a negative charge. Check your math. "One 100th of a nanogram [of antimatter]costs as much as one kilogram of gold," he says. These complications have been sidestepped by convention. The shock wave is usually spherical or hemispherical in shape. This equivalency is most famously described in Einstein's equation: e (energy) = m (the mass of matter) xc (the speed of light) squared. What positional accuracy (ie, arc seconds) is necessary to view Saturn, Uranus, beyond? [1], The paramount advantage of such a theoretical weapon is that antimatter and matter collisions result in the entire sum of their mass energy equivalent being released as energy, which is at least two orders of magnitude greater than the energy release of the most efficient fusion weapons (100% vs 0.4-1%). A large open explosion of TNT may maintain fireball temperatures high enough so that some of those products do burn up with atmospheric oxygen. (considering low energy state) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%E2%80%93positron_annihilation Share Cite Improve this answer Converts antimatter to energy in joules. Can antimatter projectiles work as disintegration weapons? I mean, in the book I read, they had an antimatter device that you could hold in your hand and it would have destroyed I believe the entire Vatican City. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! Or would it be more like a conventional ~50kg artillery shell? This high-pressure wave, i.e., the blast wave, travels until it interacts with an object and reflects back. The OP wanted it all in one bomb, so I told him his bomb must release at least that much energy. This form is part of the U.S. implementation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and is submitted voluntarily by mines that conduct blasts with over 300 short tons "TNT equivalent" of explosives. $\begingroup$ For shooting it through the air: you need to have some kind of containment anyway and a single gram of antimatter-matter annihilation is like an atombomb going off so you dont need much. This blast radius calculator helps you determine the distance for detonations, after which there would be no fragments. The explosive energy of a quantity of TNT of the. Would matter-antimatter annihilation create a fireball or not? This gives us an energy of around 3.6x10 23 J. Another way of weaponising antimatter is to use it to power spaceships which could potentially be used for warfare. Why do you say "pure gamma"? When the Tsar Bomba was tested in Russia it produced such a large fireball that it could be seen from 620 miles away. 1 gram of antimatter costs $62.5 trillion according to NASA. What's the cheapest way to buy out a sibling's share of our parents house if I have no cash and want to pay less than the appraised value? Has the cause of a rocket failure ever been mis-identified, such that another launch failed due to the same problem? We have a mole of atoms in a gram, or a total energy release of (2 GeV)(6 x 10^23)(1.6 x 10^-19 J/eV) = 2 x 10^14 J, or 200 terajoules. The previous answer covered the bases fairly well for options 1 and 3. Energy = Now they're back in Kyiv, Baby with bowel obstruction died after hospital's failures, coroner finds, NT Chief Minister apologises to outgoing police commissioner over retirement settlement comments, Nouma is an island paradise but for the next year you're not allowed to swim, Live: Celebrities arrive at the Met Gala for fashion's biggest night, Texas college baseball player accidentally shot during game, Three firefighters rushed to hospital, one critical, after factory fire south of Brisbane, Live: Reserve Bank tipped to leave interest rates on hold for a second month, ASX to open lower. It uses a magnet to keep antimatter on the inside from interacting with the walls of the trap and exploding. radiation - Antimatter bomb - Physics Stack Exchange This is one of the more common types of "TNT equivalence" and is the one used on USGS form 9-4040A. 4. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. But this result isnt bizarre at allits simply a confirmation of earlier, but less precise, measurements of the antiprotons magnetic moment. barrels of oil. Antimatter was successfully stored for the first time in 2010. What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels, Weighted sum of two random variables ranked by first order stochastic dominance. Why refined oil is cheaper than cold press oil? In 1996, the Mars Global Surveyor took 11 months to arrive at Mars. Antimatter is one of the most unstable substances in the world. A quarter of a gram of antimatter threatens to unleash the power of 5,000 tons of TNT and destroy everything within a half-mile radius - or so goes the fictional story. Sorin Bastea, Laurence E. Fried, Kurt R. Glaesemann, W. Michael Howard, P. Clark Souers, Peter A. Vitello, Cheetah 5.0 User's Manual, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 2007. What could humans do to render the earth uninhabitable? "One particle is left over out of a billion, and this one particle out of a billion is everything we see in the Universe. Antimatter: how the worlds most expensive and explosive substance is made, Catch up with The Loop, your quick wrap of this morning's news. You'll need a fair bit of antimatter, um, let's see 1 Mt is $4.1\times10^{15} J$ so the Tsar Bomba (in the tested config) at $42MT = 1.72 \times10^{17} J$ What if I had a gram? The total solar irradiance energy received by Earth in the upper atmosphere per hour. Some of the radiation will doubtless cause fission or transmutation - a nucleus hit by an anti-proton is likely to at least lose a nucleon, and the mesons also happily react with nuclei. For safety purposes a range as wide as 26736702J has been stated for a gram of TNT upon explosion. 1 gram of TNT = 2930.76 joules. Given a pair of explosives, one can produce 2 the shockwave output (this depends on the distance of measuring instruments) but the difference in direct metal cutting ability may be 4 higher for one type of metal and 7 higher for another type of metal. Ah yes, the multi-million dollar question. in high school, I've been fascinated by the idea that Antimatter is pretty explosive. Unfortunately that is rather slow, so a few humans will likely survive in bunkers you don't know about, for quite a long time. Different types of antimatter require different types of traps. And for my Trekkie friends out there, that also means fusion-poweredwarp driveslike those on Star Trek ships are unlikely to be a thing any time soon. Shock waves c is the speed of light which is 299,792,458 meters per second. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. How are engines numbered on Starship and Super Heavy? Still a big bang. Explosive Yield of a Photon Torpedo. - ST-v-SW.Net What does 'They're at four. Remove a chunk from a planet? [7][8], An antimatter weapon is a part of the plot of the Dan Brown book Angels & Demons and its film adaptation, where it is used in a plot to blow up the Vatican City.[9][5]. If you have an absurdly large fireball it will tend to spread more upwards (less pressure, longer mean-free path) and send a big plasma cloud up - bad from an electromagnetic pulse, ozone layer and IR energy igniting stuff perspective. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Since after the Big Bang there was nothing left but matter and antimatter in equal amounts, they should have annihilated everything. I mean, in Star Trek, they use Matter/Antimatter reactions to power their starships, it's pretty powerful. The results of this latest experiment show that a property of the antiproton (called its magnetic moment) is identical in magnitude to the magnetic moment of its proton counterpart to within a precision of just a couple of parts per billion. Instead of exploding, it sputters and fumes and splits into pieces and generally makes a mess. If you wanted to capture antihydrogen without it getting annihilated, then you would have to use something called a loffe trap. The ablative engine, which slowly vaporizes itself to produce thrust, could go as high as 5,000 seconds. The blast radius follows Hopkinson-Cranz Law which states that identical explosives with the same geometry but different sizes and distances will produce self-similar blast waves in the same atmosphere. To some degree this is just like a normal nuclear explosion of the same yield. For example, if a timber-cutting formula calls for a charge of 1kg of TNT, then based on octanitrocubane's RE factor of 2.38, it would take only 1.0/2.38 (or 0.42) kg of it to do the same job. TNT equivalent - Wikipedia What Is Antimatter? You have antimatter containment capsule that only has to hold out for seconds at most when fired. But in Star Trek Generations, the Enterprise D is destroyed (or at least the Star Drive Section) in a massive explosion when they lose antimatter containment, and it has 3,000 m of antimatter storage. What about antimatter bombs? | New Scientist However, the mean free path is so short at ambient pressure that they will react before going far (doing it in the upper atmosphere might produce a much larger and fuzzier fireball). In other words, antimatter planets, antimatter stars or antimatter galaxies could be a thing. Sufficiently big detonations can presumably force a bit of fusion, but it is unlikely to be self-sustaining on its own without confinement. "Even in that hypothesis you'd still need a gram of antimatter, which would take 10 billion years to accumulate," Professor Doser says. These collisions produce precisely equal amounts of matter and antimatter. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. The problem lies in the efficiency and cost of antimatter production and storage. The NIAC is currently researching antimatter powered spaceships, and according to NASA it looks promising. Speed it up enormously 3. Particles of both antimatter and matter were created. Where can I find a clear diagram of the SPECK algorithm? Still a single bomb, it destroys the earth and you have plenty of time for popcorn while you wait. Sorry, but I don't know where you can get the text of this book online. Antimatter weapons would be the most destructive and powerful in human history, so why dont they exist?

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